<A href="h26IX.htm">Machinery's Handbook, Index to the 26th Edition</A>

INDEX, 26th EDITION

A | B | C
D | E | F
G | H | I
J | K | L
M | N | O
P | Q | R
S | T | U
V | W | X
Y | Z

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Note: Click here for indexes to the 25th and 27th editions of Machinery's Handbook

A
Abbreviations

accuracy 1221

geometric 609-614

mathematical and signs 2

scientific and engineering terms 2554-2555

symbols for mechanics 115

welding 1396

ABEC bearing tolerances 2256-2261

Abrasive

belt

grinding 1193-1194

selecting 1194

contact wheel

selecting 1195

cubic boron nitride (CBN) 755-757, 1140, 1157, 1166

cutting 1195-1196

diamond 1139

grains and materials 1139

grinding 1139

honing 1196-1199

lapping 1199-1202

polishing 1440-1441

ABS plastics 380, 579, 588, 601, 2511

Absolute

programming, NC 1240

system of measurement 114

temperature 2514

zero 2514

Acceleration 114, 151, 153-154

angular 153

constant 152

linear, of point on rotating body 154

of gravity, g 114

Accuracy

effect of, on part tolerances 1220

of NC machine tools 1218-1219

positioning 1216

repeatability, and resolution, NC 1216

significance of 1218-1219

Acetal plastics 380, 579, 588, 597, 601

Acetylene, specific gravity 371

Acme threads

abbreviations 1795

ANSI Standard 1792-1816

centralizing 1802-1811

checking 1870-1874

drill sizes for 901

general purpose 1792-1802

multiple start 1795, 1800

stub type 1811-1816

taps for 898-901

thread profile form 1793-1794

types of 1792, 1802, 1811

wire sizes for checking 1872-1874

Acres to hectares 2541

Acrylic plastics 380, 588, 597, 601

Active face width 1998

Active spline length 2127

Actual space width 2127

Actual tooth thickness 2127

Adaptive control, NC 1233

Addendum 1998

chordal 2017-2018, 2062

modification 2044

involute spur and helical gears 2044

Addresses, letter, NC 1243

Adhesives, bonding 2460-2466

one-component 2461-2463

retaining compounds 2463-2464

sealants 2464-2466

thread-locking 2463-2464

two-component 2460-2462

Adiabatic expansion and compression 395-401

Adjusting gear blanks for milling 2062

Aerodynamic lubrication 2321

Aging of metal 479

AGMA

backlash allowance and tolerance

fine-pitch spur, helical and herringbone gearing 2041

recommended backlash range

bevel and hypoid gears 2038

coarse-pitch spur, helical and herringbone gearing 2037

AGMA Standard

AGMA 112.05 2001

AGMA 115.01 2001

AGMA 116.01 2001

AGMA 202.03 2054

AGMA 208.03 2054

AGMA 209.04 2054

AGMA 330.01 2054

AGMA 370.01 2066

AGMA 390.03 2038

backlash recommendations 2037-2038, 2041

Air

adiabatic expansion and compression 395-396

compression and flow 393, 396-401

density 394

flow in pipes 401

isothermal expansion and compression 396

power or work to compress 396, 398-400

pressure, temperature, and volume relationships 395

properties of 393-394

velocity of escaping 401

volume and weight at different temperatures 393

volume transmitted through pipes 401

Airdry wood, weight per cubic foot 377

AISI-SAE 406-408

Alcohol, specific gravity 371

Algebra and equations 20

Algebraic

expressions and formulas 32

rearrangement and transposition of terms 20-21

Alignment variation 2127

Allowances and tolerances for

cylindrical fits, ANSI Standard for 627-657

fits 621-667

fits, preferred series 628-630

metric ISO fits, British Standard for 657-666

Allowances for bending sheet metal 1304-1310

Alloy cast iron 1330

Alloy steels 406

AISI-SAE designations 409-410

basic numbering system 403, 405

carburizing grades 422-423

castings 1335

compositions 411-412

directly hardenable grades 424-425

effects of alloying elements 2114-2117

hardness of heat-treated 432-436

heat treatments 505

mechanical properties 432-436

numbering system 403, 405

quality variations 418

selection for making tools 452-456

speeds for drilling and reaming 1030-1033, 1035

speeds for milling 1014-1019

speeds for turning 996-999

strength of heat-treated 432-436

Alloys

aluminum 542-557

bearing 1344, 2238-2242

brazing 1354-1361

cast iron 1328-1329

cast steels 1332-1335

copper 525-542

copper-beryllium 565-566

copper-silicon 565

die casting 1342-1344

magnesium 557-560

nickel 561-563

nonferrous 525-566

nonferrous, strength 477

numbering systems for 403

soldering 1352-1355

titanium 561, 564

Alternating current motors 2449-2452

Alternating stress 197

Aluminum

alloys 542-557

Association 543, 546-548

bearings 2241

cast

composition of 546-548, 550-551

strength of 477

strength of 550-551

characteristics of 542-543

clad 546

composition of

wrought 556-557

designations 546

die casting 1342-1343

heat treatability of wrought 546

machining 1116

melting point 368-369

properties of 550-557

series groups 546-549

soldering 1352-1354

structural shapes 2498

temper designation 543-546

welding 1365, 1386-1387, 1390

wrought 477, 546-557

Aluminum bronze

casting alloy 532

strength 477

cast 550-551

American

Boiler Makers Association 268

Brass Company 565

Bureau of Shipping 355, 1335

Foundrymen's Association 479

Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) 2001, 2004, 2037-2038, 2041

Institute of Steel Construction 265

column formulas 267

Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 360, 403, 405

Steel Products Manual 411-412

Wire and Rods, Carbon Steel 435

National fire hose connection threads 1842-1845

Railroads, Assn. of 1335

Screw threads, wire sizes for measuring 1861-1862

Society for Metals (ASM) 479, 521

Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 479, 520-521, 557-560, 1328-1331, 1335

annealing temperatures 496-497

copper alloys 525-542

Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) 1295

wire gage 2499-2500

American Standard B1.1 1712

Ammonia, specific gravity 371

in nitriding 417

Amortization 27

AMS 2404C 1447

AMS 2405B 1447

AMS 2433B 1447

Analysis, break-even 40-42

Angles

bent to circular shape, lengths of 2488

between lines tangent to two circles 685

compound 688-690

cutting tool 723-730

cutting tool inserts 1281-1284

degrees into radians 90, 92

functions of 83-101

helix 1933

indexing 1950-1993

involute functions of 97-101

lead 1933

length of arc of given radius 80-81

length of chord 80-81

measuring by disc method 682-683

minutes into decimals of a degree 90, 92

moment of inertia 2495-2497

radius of gyration 2495-2497

section modulus 2495-2497

sine bar for measuring 673-682

structural 2495-2497

taper per foot corresponding to 684

rules for figuring 682-683

thread, tolerances on gages 1882

to find, for given taper per foot 682-685

useful relationships among 93

weight per foot 2495-2497

Angular

acceleration 153

torque, relation to 156

backlash in gears 2042

clearance for dies 1302

indexing 1956-1977

velocity 151-153, 187

of rotating bodies 187

Annealing 414-415, 479, 495

constant temperature, transformation 496-497

double 496

temperatures 496

Annual cost method 27-29

Annuities (calculation of) 26-27

Anode 1319

Anodizing 1444

hard 1448

ANSI / RMA IP-26, 1977 2398

ANSI Bl.20.5 1854

ANSI B1.1 1506, 1508, 1712

ANSI B1.12 1786

ANSI B1.13M 1538, 1544, 1762

ANSI B1.18M 1755

ANSI B1.20 1848

ANSI B1.20.1 1848, 1851

ANSI B1.20.3 880, 1853-1854

ANSI B1.3 1879

ANSI B1.3M 1774

ANSI B1.5 1792, 1811

ANSI B1.9 1818, 1822-1823, 1877

ANSI B17.1 2342-2343, 2345-2347

ANSI B17.2 2348-2350

ANSI B18.1.1 1464, 1468-1470

ANSI B18.1.2 1464-1467

ANSI B18.16.1M 1542, 1547

ANSI B18.16.3M 1520, 1542, 1547

ANSI B18.17 1693-1701

ANSI B18.2.1 1492

ANSI B18.2.2 1492, 1510

ANSI B18.2.3.1M 1520-1521

ANSI B18.2.3.2M 1520, 1522, 1524

ANSI B18.2.3.3M 1520, 1523

ANSI B18.2.3.4M 1524

ANSI B18.2.3.5M 1520, 1524, 1530

ANSI B18.2.3.6M 1520, 1524, 1529

ANSI B18.2.3.7M 1520, 1528-1529

ANSI B18.2.3.8M 1520, 1525, 1532

ANSI B18.2.3.9M 1524

ANSI B18.2.4.1M 1520, 1542-1543

ANSI B18.2.4.2M 1520, 1542-1543

ANSI B18.2.4.3M 1520, 1542

ANSI B18.2.4.4M 1520, 1542, 1544-1545

ANSI B18.2.4.5M 1542, 1548

ANSI B18.2.4.6M 1520, 1542, 1548

ANSI B18.22.1 1512-1513, 1515

ANSI B18.22M 1520, 1549

ANSI B18.3 1541

ANSI B18.3.1M 1522

ANSI B18.6.1 1456

ANSI B18.6.3 1568-1577

ANSI B18.6.4 1620, 1622-1625, 1627, 1635

ANSI B18.6.7M 1568

ANSI B18.8.1 1649

ANSI B212.1 738-739, 741-746, 859-860, 862-864

ANSI B212.12 730

ANSI B212.4 731

ANSI B212.5 733-734

ANSI B27.7M 1665-1668, 1670, 1672-1673

ANSI B29.1M 2435

ANSI B32.1 2501

ANSI B32.4M 644

ANSI B4.1 627, 630, 634, 636, 638-640, 2267-2268

ANSI B4.2 642, 644, 646, 648-655, 657

ANSI B4.4M 656

ANSI B47.1 1882

ANSI B5.18 920, 922-924

ANSI B6. 7 2024

ANSI B6.1 2004-2006, 2008-2009, 2011, 2019, 2023

ANSI B6.7 2008, 2011, 2023-2026, 2079

ANSI B6.9 2064-2065

ANSI B7.1 1170, 1174, 1196

ANSI B7.1-1988 1173

ANSI B74.13 1141, 1166

ANSI B74.2 1142-1143, 1148, 1150, 1204-1206

ANSI B74.3 1163-1165, 1167

ANSI B92.1 2130-2131, 2133-2134, 2137, 2139, 2149-2150

ANSI B92.2M 2126, 2148-2150

ANSI B94.11M 827, 837

ANSI B94.2 813-820, 822-826

ANSI B94.25 731

ANSI B94.33 942-943, 945-950

ANSI B94.35 848, 850

ANSI Standard

abbreviations 115, 2554-2555

Acme threads 1792-1816

bolts, nuts, screws, and washers, inch 1492-1519

bolts, screws, and nuts, metric 1520-1524, 1548-1549

boring tools, carbide 859-864

buttress inch type threads 1818-1824

cap screws, hex head 1496, 1520

cap screws, metric 1520-1523

castle and slotted nuts 1500-1502

chain, transmission 2421-2426

Class 5 threads 1786-1788

cutting tools 730-746

diamond wheels 1163-1168

drafting practices 606

drafting room practice 606-611

drill drivers 848-850

drive screws 1635

electric socket and lamp base threads 1846

engineering drawings 606

fine pitch standard gear tooth parts 2009

fine-pitch

helical gears 2077-2080

worm gearing 2064-2066

fine-pitch worm gearing

ANSI B6.9 2064

flat metal products

inch sizes 2501-2502

metric sizes 2503

gage usage, recommended 656

gagemakers

tolerances 656

gages 1876-1884

for self-holding tapers 914

for Unified screw threads 1877-1884

gear tooth forms 2004-2010

geometric characteristic symbols for engineering drawings 609-614

geometric dimensioning and tolerancing 606-611

grinding wheel safety 1170-1174

grinding wheels 1141-1149, 1157, 1166

hexagon socket head shoulder screws 1605

hose coupling screw threads 1841-1845

interference-fit threads 1786-1791

involute spline symbols 2130

involute splines

inch dimensions 2126-2147

metric module 2148-2155

jig bushings 941-951

key drive 911-912

keys and keyseats 2342-2354

keys and keyways for milling cutters and arbors 794

knurls and knurling 1211-1215

letter symbols for mechanics 115

limits and fits 627-657

lock washers 1515-1519

machine screws 1568-1577

binding head 1576

fillister head 1574

flat, countersunk head 1569-1571

hexagon washer head 1571

metric 1578-1585

oval head 1574-1576

pan head 1573

round head 1577

slotted hexagon 1572

truss head 1572

manufacturers' standard gage for sheet steel 2501-2502

metric

cap screws 1520-1523

retaining rings 1666-1673

screw threads, M profile 1755-1776

screw threads, MJ profile 1777-1780

screws, bolts, nuts, and washers 1520-1525, 1533-1534, 1546-1549

microscope threads 1846

milling cutters 772-795

miniature threads 1781-1785

numerical control 1226

nuts 1492-1504

nuts, metric 1541, 1543-1548

pins 1648-1664

pipe and pipe fittings 2504-2508

pipe thread 1846-1855

plain washers 1512-1517

position symbols 1221

preferred

basic sizes 644

fits 644-647

metric limits and fits 632, 642-657

metric sizes 642-644

numbers 19

thicknesses, thin, flat metals 2501

reamers 813-815, 820-826

retaining rings 1666-1673

rivets 1464-1470

roundness symbols 1222

runout symbols 1224

screw thread symbols 1787, 1793-1794, 1811, 1816, 1824

metric 1756-1778

screw threads 1706-1710, 1712-1790, 1793-1816, 1818-1824

metric M profile 1755-1776

metric MJ profile 1777-1780

screws and bolts

inch 1492-1509

metric 1520-1527, 1529, 1532-1534, 1541

section lining symbols 606, 608

self-tapping thread inserts 1635

self-threading screws, inch 1620-1635

metric 1635-1644

serrations, involute 2126

set-screw heads and points 1606-1610

set-screws, socket type 1607, 1612

shoulder screws 1605

single-point tools and tool posts 740-746

slotted head cap screws 1599-1600

slotted headless set screws 1606

socket head cap screws 1601-1605

spindles and drives for portable tools 1207-1210

spline socket set screws 1607, 1612

splines, involute

inch dimensions 2126-2147

metric module 2148-2155

spur gear tooth forms 2004-2010

stub threads, 29- and 60-degree 1811-1816

stud threads 1786-1791

studs, drive 1659, 1662

surface texture 697-708

symbols

accuracy 1221

accuracy symbols 1221

comparison to ISO 609

concentricity 609, 1223

datum referencing 614

diameter 609, 1222

drawing practices for surface texture 704-708

parallelism 609

part tolerance 609, 642-644

perpendicularity 609

position 609

roundness 609

runout 609

section lining 606, 608

total runout 609

welding 1393

symbols for section lining 608

tang drives 909-910

tapers 906-918

taps and threading dies 872-898

threads for electric sockets 1846

T-nuts, T-bolts, T-slots 1645-1647

tolerances 630

gagemakers 656

symbols 578-579, 609-614, 622

tolerances and allowances for cylindrical fits 621-657

tooth proportions, fine-pitch involute spur and helical gears 2008

total runout symbols 1224

twist drills 827-849

Unified threads 1706-1710, 1712-1754, 1781-1786

washers, inch 1512-1519

metric 1547, 1549

welded and seamless wrought steel pipe 2505

wing nuts, wing screws, and thumb screws 1693-1701

wood screws 1456

woodruff keys 2348-2354

worm gearing, fine pitch 2064-2066

wrench openings 1510-1511

ANSI Standard Z17.1-1973 19

ANSI X3.37 1264

ANSI Y10.4 115

ANSI Y14.1 606

ANSI Y14.2 1294

ANSI Y14.2M 608

ANSI Y14.36 606

ANSI Y14.5M 1286

ANSI Z136.1 1413

ANSI 14.5M 1221

ANSI, RMA IP-25 2402

ANSI/AFBMA Std 10 2303, 2306

ANSI/AFBMA Std 11 2291

ANSI/AFBMA Std 11-1978 2297

ANSI/AFBMA Std 18.1 2263, 2270-2271

ANSI/AFBMA Std 18.2 2263-2264, 2269-2271

ANSI/AFBMA Std 20 2256-2257

ANSI/AFBMA Std 20, 1987 2258-2260

ANSI/AFBMA Std 24.1-1989 2261

ANSI/AFBMA Std 24.2 2262

ANSI/AFBMA Std 24.2-1989 2261

ANSI/AFBMA Std 7 2265, 2267-2268

ANSI/AFBMA Std 8.2 2276-2279

ANSI/AFBMA Std 9 2286, 2297

ANSI/AGMA 2005 2054

ANSI/AMSE B18.16.3M 1546

ANSI/ASME B1.1 1712

ANSI/ASME B1.12 1788-1791

ANSI/ASME B1.13M 1755, 1757-1759, 1763-1764, 1766-1768, 1774, 1776

ANSI/ASME B1.2 1864, 1877, 1880, 1883-1884

ANSI/ASME B1.20.1 1847-1851

ANSI/ASME B1.20.7 1841-1842

ANSI/ASME B1.21M 1755, 1777

ANSI/ASME B1.3M 1712, 1791

ANSI/ASME B1.7M 1707, 1712

ANSI/ASME B18.1.3M 1464

ANSI/ASME B18.2.1 1492-1498, 1551

ANSI/ASME B18.2.2 1492-1493, 1499-1502, 1510, 1551

ANSI/ASME B18.2.3.4M 1527

ANSI/ASME B18.2.3.5M 1530

ANSI/ASME B18.2.3.9M 1526-1527

ANSI/ASME B18.21.1 1515-1519

ANSI/ASME B18.21.2M 1515

ANSI/ASME B18.3 1601-1605, 1607-1608, 1611-1613

ANSI/ASME B18.3.1M 1532, 1539, 1541

ANSI/ASME B18.5 1505-1509

ANSI/ASME B18.5.2.2M 1527-1528, 1531

ANSI/ASME B18.6.2 1599-1600, 1606, 1609-1610

ANSI/ASME B18.6.5M 1623, 1635-1640

ANSI/ASME B18.6.7M 1577-1585

ANSI/ASME B18.8.2 1651-1655, 1658-1664

ANSI/ASME B29.1 M 2421

ANSI/ASME B29.1M 2421-2422, 2425-2429, 2438, 2442

ANSI/ASME B29.3M 2422

ANSI/ASME B32.3M 2503

ANSI/ASME B36.10M 2504-2505

ANSI/ASME B5.1M 1645-1647

ANSI/ASME B5.10 848, 909-914, 918

ANSI/ASME B5.15 2156

ANSI/ASME B5.50 1284-1286

ANSI/ASME B92.2M 2156

ANSI/ASME B94.11M 829, 839-841, 846-847, 849

ANSI/ASME B94.19 772-795

ANSI/ASME B94.6 1211, 1213-1214

ANSI/ASME B94.9 872

ANSI/ASME Y10.3M 115

ANSI/ASME Y14.2M 607

ANSI/AWS A2.4 1396

ANSI/AWS 2.4-79 1408

ANSI/EIA RS 274-D 1227, 1240-1241, 1243, 1245, 1248-1249, 1264

ANSI/RMA IP-20 2379-2381

ANSI/RMA IP-21 2386

ANSI/RMA IP-22 2373-2375, 2377

ANSI/RMA IP-23 2394-2396

ANSI/RMA IP-24 2409, 2411-2414

ANSI/RMA IP-25 2402-2403

ANSI/RMA IP-26 2397, 2400

ANSI/RMP IP-21 2387

ANSI/RMP IP-24 2411

ANSI/SAE AS568A 2482

Antifriction bearings 2246-2302

Apothecaries'

fluid measure 2518

weight 2519

Application factor 2044-2045

Applying surface texture symbols 706

APT (automatically programmed tool) 1263-1280

axis nomenclature 1235

circles 1265-1270, 1272

computational statements 1265

example program 1277

for turning 1279-1280

geometry statements 1265

geometry, 3-D 1274

motion statements 1270-1275

planes 1273

points 1266

postprocessor statements 1275-1280

programming 1263-1280

tabulated cylinder 1274

Arbors

circular saw 1203

diameters for spring-winding 332

dimensions of centers 813

driving slots and lugs for shell reamer 823

keys and keyways for 794

lathe 858

shell reamer 823

standard milling machine 920-924

steels for 456

Arbor-type milling cutters 790

Arc

checking radius of 690-692

electric, cutting of metals 1391, 1428-1429

length of given angle and radius 80-81

of action 1998

of approach 1998

of recession 1998

plasma welding 1387-1391

thickness of internal gear tooth 2047

thickness of pinion tooth 2047

welding 1362-1387

Arc of recession 1998

Area

circle 63

circular

ring 64

ring sector 64

sector 63

segments 63, 78, 80-81

cycloid 63

different sections 217-227

ellipse 65

enclosed by cycloidal curve 58

fillet 64

finding by Simpson's rule 57-58

geometrical figures 60-65

hexagon 62

hyperbola 65

irregular outline 57-58

octagon 62

parabola 64-65

segment of 65

parallelogram 60

plane figures 60-65

plane surface of irregular outline 57-58

polygon 62

rectangle 60

spandrel 64

square 60

surface of revolution 56-57

trapezium 62

trapezoid 61

triangle 61

Areas and volumes 56-59

Argon, welding gas 1364-1366, 1374, 1387-1388

Arithmetical

operations, sequence of 21

progressions 43-44

ASA B1.10 1902

ASA B1.12 1559

ASA B17c 281

ASA B18.2 1492, 1510

ASA B5.38 1207-1210

ASA B6.1 2005, 2009-2010

ASA Code for transmission shafting 280

Asbestos, specific gravity and weight 370

ASCII, American Standard Code for Information Interchange 1295

ASME Y14.5M 609

ASME/ANSI B 1.8 1800

ASME/ANSI BI.5 1807

ASME/ANSI B1.1 1739, 1753-1754

ASME/ANSI B1.12 1786

ASME/ANSI B1.3M 1753

ASME/ANSI B1.5 902, 1792-1794, 1796, 1799-1805, 1808-1811

ASME/ANSI B1.8 1793, 1801, 1811-1813, 1815

ASME/ANSI B29.1M 2423, 2443

ASME/ANSI B94.9 872, 876-895, 897-898

ASTM A 220 1331

ASTM A297 1334

ASTM A307 1488, 1495

ASTM A325 1488

ASTM A325M 1530

ASTM A354 1488, 1496

ASTM A449 1488, 1496

ASTM A490 1488

ASTM A490M 1530

ASTM A563M 1542, 1544, 1547

ASTM A574M 1531

ASTM A743-81a 1335

ASTM B23-83 2239

ASTM B253 1447

ASTM B438-83a 2243-2245

ASTM B439-83 2243, 2245

ASTM B633 1451

ASTM E-140 2306

ASTM E-18 2306

ASTM F467M 1544

ASTM F568 1530

ASTM F594 1494

ASTM F837M 1531

ASTM 574M 1530

Atmospheric pressure 393, 2519

Austempering 479, 491-492

Austenite 483-484, 514

Austenitic manganese cast steel 1335

Autocollimation 1219-1220

Autogenous, (welding) 1362

Automatic screw machines 1094-1099

knurling on 1094

Avoirdupois or commercial weight 2518

Axial

pitch 1998

plane 1998

thickness 1999

Azimuth reading displacements 1219

B
B & S automatic screw machines 1094

Babbitt metals 2238-2242

properties of 2240-2242

SAE general information 2238

Backlash 1999

allowance in checking gears by the pin method 2103

control of allowances in production 2039

control of in assemblies 2041

determining proper amount of 2036

fine-pitch gears 2040

gearing 2036-2042

recommended 2038

Bainite 481

Balance wheels 173

Balancing

calculations 167-172

counterbalancing masses located in two or more planes 170-171

counterbalancing several masses located in single plane 168-170

dynamic 167

lathe fixtures 171-172

machines 167

rotating parts 167-172

running or dynamic 167

static 167

Ball bearings 2246-2252, 2254-2261, 2264-2266, 2271-2301

alignment and squareness 2273-2274

allowance for axial displacement in 2264

angular contact 2246-2248

cage materials 2254-2255

clamping and retaining methods 2274-2280

clearances, running 2282-2284

closures 2275, 2280

design and installation 2264

designation of 2267

failures 2285

fits 2275, 2280

flanged housing 2254

friction losses 2280

handling precautions 2284-2285

housing bore tolerances 2267-2268

housings, soft metal and other 2274-2275

life 2285

life adjustment factors 2296

locknuts and shafts for 2277-2278

lockwashers for 2276

lubricants 2318-2320

lubrication 2282

materials for 2254

mounting 2271-2284

pillow block 2254

plastics 2254

quiet or vibration-free mountings 2275

radial and axial clearance 2283-2284

rating life 2287-2291

seating fits for 2275

selection 2281-2283

shaft

and bore limits 2267-2268

and housing fits for metric radial 2264-2266

tolerance

classifications, metric 2265-2266

limits, metric 2266-2267

special or unconventional types of 2254

squareness and alignment 2273-2274

starting torque 2281

static

equivalent loads 2300-2301

load ratings 2297-2300

thrust 2250

tolerances 2255-2261

types of 2246-2254

Ball, roller, and needle bearings 2246-2302

Balls, standard 2302-2310

grades 2305

hardness corrections 2306

hardness ranges 2306

materials 2305

number per kilogram 2310

number per pound 2309

ordering specifications 2303

package markings 2293-2294

preferred gages 2303

preferred sizes 2306-2308

tolerances 2305-2306

Band brakes 2337-2339

Band saw

blade selection 1101-1102

break-in 1105-1106

speeds and feeds, metal cutting 1103-1105

Bar, small diameter radius of gyration 147

Barometer reading and equivalent pressure 395

Barrel

liquid capacity 2518

volume 71

Barrel effect 1319

Base

circle 1999, 2127

diameter 2127

helix angle 1999

pitch 1999

tooth thickness 1999

Base circle 1999

Base circle, spur gear

diameter 2004

Base helix angle 1999

Base oils for metal cutting 1109

Base pitch 1999

Base tooth thickness 1999

Basic

endurance limit 2044

gear dimensions 2010

rack profiles 2153

space width 2127

Basic dimension 621

hole 621

shaft or hole 621

Baths, hardening or quenching 488-490

for heating steel 487

tanks for 490-491

Baumé's hydrometer 372

conversion to specific gravity 371

Beams 239, 241-242, 248-249, 251-259, 2488-2494

channel 2494, 2498

combined stresses in 206-210

curved 254-257

deflections 236, 239, 241-242, 253-254

designing for 253-254

fixed at

both ends 252

one end 241-242, 249, 251

formulas 207

I-beams 2488-2493, 2498

reactions 236

rectangular solid 249

simple stresses in 204-205

stresses in 204-210, 236, 239, 241-242, 248, 252-258

stresses produced by shocks 257-258

supported at both ends 239, 249

uniform strength 248, 251-252

Bearing lubricants

ball and roller bearings 2318-2320

plain bearings 2202-2205

Bearing materials, plain 2236-2244

aluminum 2238, 2241

ASTM compositions 2239-2245

babbitt metals 2238-2242

cadmium alloys 2240-2242

carbon-graphite 2241-2245

cast iron 2241

copper-lead 2238-2242

die casting in place 1344

graphitic 2242, 2245

laminated phenolics 2242

leaded bronze 2240-2242

nylon 2242

oil impregnated 2242-2245

plastics laminates 2242

porous 2241-2245

properties 2236-2237

rubber 2242, 2245

SAE compositions 2238-2239

seals 2198-2199

silver 2241

Teflon (TFE) 2242, 2245

tin-bronze 2240-2242

white metal 2238-2242

wood 2242, 2245

Bearing spacing and shaft stiffness 2053

Bearings 2193-2218, 2220-2244, 2246-2300

guide 2236-2237

Belleville springs or washers 326

Belts and pulleys 2368-2420

flat belts 2368-2371

V-belts 2372-2420

Bending

allowances, sheet metal 1304-1310

formulas

for beams 239, 241-242, 249, 251-257

for shafts 275-277

stress in beams 236, 239, 241-242, 248-249, 251-254

structural angles 2495-2497

Bending load wood 375

Beryllium and copper alloys 566

Bevel gearing 2050-2063

ANSI/AGMA Standard 2054

applications 2051-2053

applications of 2051

backlash 2037-2038

bearing spacing 2053

blank design 2052-2053

cutting teeth in 2053-2062

face angles 2054, 2056-2057

face widths 2054, 2056-2057

German standard tooth form 2090

Gleason system, straight bevel gears 2054

Zerol bevel gears 2050-2051

hypoid gears 2051

materials for 2063

milled 2054, 2056-2062

milling cutters for 792, 2058-2060

milling setup 2061-2062

mountings 2052-2053

nomenclature 2054-2056

octoid tooth form 2053

planetary 2083, 2087

replacement gear dimensions 2122-2125

selecting formed cutters for 2060

shaft stiffness 2053

spiral 2050

straight 1998, 2050, 2052, 2054

tooth measurement for milled 2062

types of 2050

typical steels used for 2063

Zerol 1998, 2050-2052

Bilateral and unilateral tolerances 621-622

Binary multiples 2533

Birmingham wire gage 2499-2500

Birnie's equation 272

Blank diameters, drawing dies 1302-1307

Blanks, sintered carbide 738-740

Blast cleaning of castings 1338

Block

brakes 2340

NC 1241, 1243, 1245

or multiple indexing 1990-1991

Blow, force of 159-160

Boilers, strength of flat stayed surfaces 268

Boiling temperature,various substances 364

Bolt head

markings, inch 1484-1488

metric 1532, 1534, 1560-1561

wrench and socket clearances 1510-1511

Bolt hole circles

chordal distance 78

coordinates for 953-970

Bolts and nuts

ANSI, inch dimensions

cap or acorn nuts 1503

countersunk bolts 1508-1509

fin neck bolts 1506

flat jam nuts 1500

heavy hex bolts 1495

heavy hex structural bolts 1493-1494

hex

bolts 1493

flat nuts 1500

high nuts 1504

nuts 1493-1494, 1499

slotted high nuts 1504

slotted nuts 1500-1502

thick slotted nuts 1501-1502

jam nuts 1499

machine screw nuts 1568

ribbed neck bolts 1507

round head bolts 1505-1507

square

bolts 1492-1494

neck bolts 1505-1508

nuts 1492-1493, 1502

step bolts 1508

T-bolts 1646

T-head bolts 1505

T-nuts 1647

types of 1492-1493

Unified 1489-1490, 1492-1496, 1499-1502

wing nuts 1693-1697

ANSI, metric dimensions

clearance holes 1532

designation 1532

diameters 1523

heavy hex

bolts 1529

nuts 1548

structural bolts 1529

hex

flange nuts 1545

jam nuts 1548

hex nuts 1543

identification symbols 1532

materials and mechanical properties 1534

prevailing torque hex

flange nuts 1547

nuts 1546

reduced diameter bolts 1524, 1527

slotted hex nuts 1544

thread series 1532

British Standard

Fine thread 1552-1559, 1619, 1838-1840

hexagon 1551-1554

metric hexagon 1555-1561

standard thread 1839

Unified 1597

Whitworth 1551-1554, 1591, 1595-1598, 1619, 1836-1838, 1868

eye bolts and nuts 358-359

grade markings for steel 1484-1488, 1532, 1534, 1541, 1560-1561

load allowable on bolts 1489-1491

spacing for wrench clearances 1510-1511

tightening 1475

torque required to tighten 1475-1488

working strength of bolts 1489-1491, 1559-1560

wrench clearances for 1510

wrench openings 1510

Bolts and screws 1492

Bonding, adhesives 2460

Boring

carbide tools for 859-864

cutting time for 1044

wood 378

Boring-bar, cutters, carbide 859-864

Boron nitride

cubic (CBN) abrasive 982, 1140, 1157, 1166

cutting tool materials 982

speeds and feeds for 1002, 1008, 1018-1022

Bottom land 1999

Box wrench clearances 1510

Brads and wire nails 1455

Brakes

band 2337-2339

block type 2340

coefficient of friction 2338-2340

Brass

castings 525-532

coloring 1441-1442

strength and physical properties 477

wire, strength 477

EDM 1328-1329

Brazing 1354-1361

filler metals for 1354-1359

fluxes for 1354-1359

heating for 1360

symbols 1361

workholders for 1360

Break-even analysis 40-42

Bricks

specific gravity and weight 370

strength 478

Briggs (now ANSI) standard pipe thread 1849-1850

Brinell hardness 473, 475, 516-524

aluminum alloys 550-555

cold-drawn carbon steel rounds, squares, and hexagons 395-396

heat-treated steels 432-436

magnesium alloys 560

Rockwell conversion tables 520

stainless steels 439

British Association

standard screw threads 1839

tolerance formulas 1839

British Standard

BS 1083 1551, 1553-1554

BS 1157 1838, 1903-1904

BS 1387 1857

BS 1449B 1565

BS 1580 1551

BS 1657 1825

BS 1768 1492, 1551

BS 1769 1492, 1551

BS 1807 2043

BS 1916 1650

BS 1981 1595, 1597

BS 2059 2156

BS 21 1856-1858

BS 235 2043

BS 2519 2043

BS 2693 1551, 1559, 1562

BS 2708 1551

BS 275 1464, 1471

BS 2779 1856-1857

BS 2827 1586

BS 2870 1565

BS 2963 1559

BS 3027 2043

BS 308 2043

BS 328 848, 850-856

BS 3382 1559, 1586

BS 3550 2156

BS 3643 902, 904, 1560, 1587, 1826, 1831, 1834

BS 3692 1551, 1555-1559, 1904-1905

BS 3696 2043

BS 4084 1825

BS 4168 1613-1618, 1904-1905

BS 4183 1586, 1588-1589, 1592-1594, 1904-1905

BS 4186 1904

BS 4190 1551, 1904

BS 4235 2354-2355, 2357-2360

BS 4320 1565-1567

BS 436 2042-2045

BS 4464 1563-1565

BS 45 1840

BS 450 1586, 1595, 1598

BS 4500 657, 660-663, 665-666, 2356

BS 46 2359, 2361-2364, 2367

BS 4620 1473-1474

BS 545 2043

BS 57 1586

BS 6 2365

BS 6104 1613

BS 6105 1613

BS 6186 2156

BS 641 1472

BS 721 2043

BS 821 2043

BS 84 1551, 1838

BS 93 1551, 1839

BS 949 902-903

BS 970 2354

BS 978 2043

clearance holes for metric bolts and screws 1903-1904

combined drills and countersinks 847

countersunk head screws 1591-1598

dowel pins, metric 1648-1650

drills, metric 850-856

fasteners, mechanical properties 1559-1560, 1613

Fine threads (BSF)

basic dimensions 1838

tolerance formulas 1836

hexagon bolts 1551-1554

hexagon socket screws, metric 1613-1618

button head 1617

cap 1614-1615

set 1616-1618

Imperial wire gauge 2499-2500

interference fits 1551, 1562

ISO metric

grade markings 1559-1560

hexagon bolts, screws, and nuts 1555-1561

limits and fits 657-666

tapping drill sizes for 1903

taps 902-903

threads 1825-1834

keys and keyways 2354-2367

limits and fits for holes and shafts 657-666

machine screws 1586-1598

metric

and inch pipe threads 1856-1858

basic sizes, preferred 667

bolts, clearance holes 1903-1904

comparison of British, French, German and Swiss 1780

dowel pins 1648-1650

drills 850-856

hexagon socket screws 1613-1618

keys and keyways 2354-2367

limits and fits 657-666

machine screws and nuts 1586-1595

series plain washers 1565-1566

series spring washers 1563-1565

taps, ISO 902-903

threads 1780

nuts 1552-1555, 1557-1559, 1586-1597

PD 3376 2043

PD 6457 2044

pipe threads, parallel 1856-1857

pipe threads, taper 1857-1858

preferred metric basic sizes 667

preferred numbers 667

rivets 1464, 1471-1474

screws 1551-1560, 1586-1598, 1613-1619

thread dimensions 1825-1858

thread profiles 1825, 1836

spark plugs 1840

spur and helical gears 2042

striaght splines 2156

studs 1551, 1562

tapping drill sizes, ISO metric threads 1901-1903

taps, ISO, metric 902-903

thermal units, (BTU) 2514

converted into foot-pounds 2553

power and heat equivalents 2551

Unified

machine screws and nuts 1595-1597

screws and nuts 1595-1597

thread sizes 1706-1710, 1712-1754, 1781-1785

UNJ profile threads 1825-1826

washers, plain, metric 1565-1567

Whitworth threads (BSW)

machine screws 1595-1598

set-screws 1595-1598, 1619

thread form 1836-1837

tolerance formulas 1836

Broaches

chip breakers 930-931

clearance angles for teeth 930

depth of cut per tooth 929

depth of teeth 930

face angle or rake 930

land width 930

pitch of teeth 927-930

radius of tooth fillet 930

shear angle 930-931

surface 928

total length of 930

types 926-927

Broaching 926-932

cutting oils for 1108-1109

cutting speeds for 1043

difficulties 932

pressure 928

types of machines 930-931

Broken tap, removal of 1905-1908

Bronze 525

castings, strength 477

strength 477

Brown & Sharpe

automatic screw machines 1094-1099

milling machines 1979

taper 906, 915-916

taper reamers for sockets 825

wire gage 2499-2500

Brush finishing, power 1435-1438

Buckingham formula for pin method of checking screw threads 1867-1870

Buckling, columns 261-262

Buffing and polishing 1439-1440

wheels for 1440

Built-up Sections, Moments of Inertia 217

Bulk modulus of various material 384

Bulk temperature thermal flash factor 2045

Burs and files, rotary 1433

Bushings

gear 2117

jig, materials for 941

standard, for jigs 941-951

steels for 456

Butt joint, riveted 1457-1462

Buttress threads 1817-1824

allowances and tolerances 1821-1823

ANSI Standard inch type 1818-1824

basic dimensions 1817-1818

British Standard 1825

designations 1824

diameter-pitch combinations 1817-1818

miscellaneous types 1817-1824

symbols and formulas 1820

thread form 1818-1819

wire method of measuring 1875-1877

Byte 2533

Byte, PLC 1229

B18.2.1 1492

B18.2.2 1492

B18.6.7M 1577

C
Cables, wire, breaking strength 336-341

CAD/CAM 1287-1297

drawing exchange standards 1294-1296

projections 1289

rapid prototyping 1296

standard lettering sizes 1294

tips 1290

Cadmium

bearing alloys 2240

plating 1444

vacuum coating 1451

Cage materials, anti-friction bearings 2254-2255

Calculation procedure 1137

Calculations

strength of materials, sample 212

Caliper

gear tooth 2018-2020, 2108-2111

measurement of 2020

vernier 669

Calorie, kilogram 2514, 2546

Cams and cam design 1098-1099, 2163-2188

acceleration, velocity, and displacement formulas 2163-2167

classes of cams and followers 2163-2164

cylindrical cams 2185-2187

design example 2181-2184

displacement

constant velocity 2165

curves 2163-2167

cycloidal 2166-2167

diagrams 2163-2169

harmonic 2165-2167

parabolic 2165-2166

synthesis of 2167-2169

forces 2179-2184

machining errors, effect on acceleration 2183-2184

materials 2179-2186

milling 2186-2188

pressure angle 2171-2178

profile determination 2168-2171

radius of curvature 2178-2184

rollers 2186-2187

size determination 2172-2176

stresses, contact 2179-2180, 2184

threading cams, screw machine 1094-1098

Canned (fixed) cycles, NC 1258-1262

Cap screws 1496, 1599-1604

button head 1604

drill and counterbore sizes for 1601-1602

fillister head 1600

finished, hexagonal 1496

flat head 1599, 1603

hexagon socket type 1601-1604

hexagonal 1496

metric 1521

round head 1600

spline socket type 1601-1604

tap drill sizes 1889-1907

Capacitor 1319

Capital recovery 28

Carat 2518

Carbide tools

application of cutting fluids to 1111

boring 859-865

coated 980-981

cutting 738-740

grinding 937-940

insert holders 726, 732-738, 1281-1284

insert type 726, 730-738

materials for 747-757, 979-981

sharpening 937

standard blanks for 738-740

tips for boring tools 859-864

tips for turning tools 741-746

Carbides and carbonitrides 747-752

Carbon

monoxide, specific gravity 371

steel castings 1333-1334

steels 403, 406

AISI-SAE designations 409-410

cold drawn 430-431

composition of, SAE 420

heat treatments 504

mechanical properties 432-436

numbering system 403, 405

quality variations 418

speeds for milling 1014-1019, 1022

speeds for turning 996-999

structure of 483

tool steel as a cutting tool material 978

unified numbering system 403, 405, 413

Carbon dioxide

solidification temperature 623

specific gravity 371

Carbonaceous mixtures 498

Carbon-graphite bearings 2242, 2245

Carbonitrides and carbides 747-752

Carbonitriding 417-418

Carburizing 417, 479, 498

gas 498

liquid 498

solid materials 498

steels for 422-423

temperatures 504-505

vacuum 499

Cartesian coordinates 36

Case hardening 416-418, 479, 498

steel 497

Cash flow 30-31

discounted 30-31

Cast iron

alloy 1328-1329

bearings 2241

chilled 1328-1329

density 370

ductile 1332

gray 1328-1329

malleable 1330-1331

Meehanite 1328-1329

nodular 1332

speeds and feeds for

drilling, reaming, and threading 1037-1038

milling 1021-1022

turning 1002-1003

strength 476

white 1328-1329

Cast roller chains 2421

Cast steel 1332-1336

strength 476, 1332-1335

Casting processes

aluminum alloys 1342-1343

die casting 1337-1344

ductile iron 1332

gravity die casting 1337-1338

gray iron 1336-1337

green-sand molding 1336-1337

investment casting 1345-1347

low pressure casting 1337-1338

permanent mold 1337-1338

shell-molding 1336-1337

squeeze casting 1337-1338

V-process 1336-1337

Castings

alloy steel 1332-1335

blast cleaning 1338

brass and bronze 525-532

bronze and brass for gears 2117-2119

carbon steel 1333-1334

cleaning methods 1338

ductile (nodular) iron 1332

finishing operations 1338

heat treatment 1338

heat-resisting 1328-1329

investment 1345

malleable iron 1330-1331

malleable iron, strength 476

manganese steel 1335

Meehanite 1328-1329

nodular cast iron 1332

nonferrous strength 477

removal of gates and risers 1338

shrinkage of 1339-1343

steel 1332-1336

steel, for gears 2063, 2113-2117

surface texture of 708

weight, obtained from pattern weight 1340

Castle and slotted nuts 1493, 1500-1502, 1552, 1554

Cathode 1319

Cell, flexible manufacturing, NC 1235

Celsius (Centigrade) and Fahrenheit temperatures 2514-2516

Cement, strength of 478

Cementation 479

Cemented carbide tools 747-752

coated 750-752

grinding 937-940

materials for 979-981

speeds for drilling with 1030-1033, 1035-1041

speeds for milling with 1013-1022

speeds for turning with 996-1009

Cementite 483

Cements, pipe joints 2464-2466

Center

distance, gear set 2010, 2012, 2080

drills reamers and machine countersinks 813

of oscillation 151

of percussion 151

Center distance 1999

Center distance, gearing 1999

Center of gravity 136-142, 151

any four-sided figure 137

circle sector 138

circular arc 137

cone 140

cone, frustum 140

cylinder 139

cylinder, portion of 139

ellipse segment 138

ellipsoid, segment of 141

fillet 138

of two bodies 141

parabola, area of 139

paraboloid 141

part of circle ring 138

perimeter or area of parallelogram 136

pyramid 140

pyramid, frustum 140

spandrel 138

sphere, hollow 141

spherical sector 141

spherical segment 141

spherical surface 138

spheroid, segment of 141

trapezoid 137

triangle 136

wedge 140

Centering tools

feeds for 1094-1095

length of point 925

Centerless grinding 1183-1185

screw threads 1926-1927

troubles 1184-1185

Centers, for arbors and reamers 813

Centimeter-gram-second system of measurement 2520

Centimeter-inch conversion tables 2533

Centipoises 2201-2202, 2312-2313, 2319

Centistokes 2201-2202, 2312-2313, 2319

Central plane 1999

Centralized lubrication systems 2313-2315

Centralizing Acme threads 1802-1811, 1816

alternative series 1816

designation 1811

formulas for determining diameters 1804

limiting dimensions 1804-1807, 1811

major and minor diameter allowances and tolerances 1810

pitch diameter allowances 1808

thread data 1807

thread form 1794, 1803

Centrifugal

clutches 2332

force 163-166

calculation 164

stresses in flywheels 178

Ceramic cutting tool materials 752-755, 981

Cermets 747

Chain

cast roller 2421

close-link 355

crane and hoisting 351-360

detachable 2421

pintle 2421

Chamfers and corner clearance, gearing 2135

Change gears

helical gear hobbing 2080-2083

helical milling 1931

leads and angles for helical milling 1946-1947

relieving helical-fluted hobs 1916-1917

thread cutting, lathe 1912-1916

fractional ratios 1913-1914

fractional threads 1912

metric pitches 1912-1913

modifying the gearbox output 1913-1916

threads per inch with given combination 1912

Channels

aluminum 2498

elements of 2494, 2498

moment of inertia 2494, 2498

radius of gyration 2494, 2498

section modulus 2494, 2498

steel 2494

structural 2494, 2498

weight per foot 2494, 2498

Characteristic, logarithm 102, 104

Charcoal, weight and volume 371

Checking

Acme threads by three-wire method, table 1872

American standard threads by three-wire method, table 1866-1867

assembly 619

castings 619

dimensions 619

drawings 618-619

for strength 618

gear size 2094-2112

machined parts 620

radius of arc 690-693

Whitworth threads by three-wire method, table 1868

Cheese head screws, British Standard 1591, 1595-1596, 1598

Chemical

treatment of metals 1440-1443

vapor deposition (CVD) 750

Chilled cast iron 1330

Chipbreakers 728

grinding 939-940

Chisels, cold steels for 456

Chord

length for given angle and radius 80-81

length for given number of divisions 955-958

Chordal addendum 1999, 2018

milled bevel gear teeth 2064

milled, full-depth gear teeth 2016-2017

Chordal distance of bolt circle 78

Chordal thickness 1999

gear teeth 2015-2017, 2062

milled bevel gear teeth 2064

milled, full-depth gear teeth 2016-2017

OD is special 2018

OD is standard 2015

Chrome 1445

Chromium

plating 1427

tool steels 458, 460, 462

Chucking reamers 808-822

expansion 814

rose 808, 822

Chucks

drill, tapers and threads for 919

hexagonal, for portable tools 1210

spindle, for portable tool grinders 1207

Cincinnati milling machines, indexing movements 1986-1989

Circles

chords for dividing circumference of 955-958

dividing, on jig boring machine 959-970

enclosed within a circle 72-75

enclosed within a rectangle 77

geometry of 48-50

lengths of chords for dividing 955-958

packing

in circles 72-75

in circles and rectangles 72-77

in rectangles 77

programming in APT (NC) 1267-1270

segments 80-81

squares of equivalent areas 79

Circular

disk

radius of gyration 147

gear teeth 2006-2008

interpolation, NC 1254-1255

mil gage for wires 2517

pitch 1999, 2127

given center distance and ratio 2014

pitch gears, diameters of 2022

ring sector, area 64

ring, area 64

ring, thin flat 148

saws, arbors for 1203

sector segment 955-958

sector, area 63

segment, area 63

thickness 1999

milled bevel gear teeth 2064

outside diameter

has been enlarged 2015

has been reduced 2015

is standard 2014

Circular arc

enter of gravity 137

Circular pitch 1999

Circular pitch in gears 2022

Circular thickness 1999

Circumference, chords for dividing 955-958

CL data, NC 1242

Classical V-belts 2379-2386

Clavarino's equation 271

Cleaning castings 1338

Clearance 1999

angles

boring tools 859-864

milling cutters 800

punch and die 1301

reamers, tooth rest position 811

single-point tools 740-746

turning tools 740-746

drill sizes, machine screw 1900

for wrench 1510-1511

ANSI Standard 1532

British Standard 1903-1904

Clevis pins 1648

Closed-loop system 1233, 2468-2470

Clutches 2329-2336

centrifugal and free-wheeling 2332

cone 2330-2331

cutting with angular cutters 2334-2336

disk 2329

friction 2329-2330

friction coefficients 2330

magnetic 2331-2332

positive 2333-2334

power capacity of 2329

saw tooth 2335-2336

slipping 2332

wrapped spring 2332-2333

CNC 1225-1226

programming 1240-1280

Coatings 1444-1451

Coatings, conversion, of metals 1440-1443

Cobalt 939

alloy 981

Cobaltchrom steel 508

Coefficient of friction 190-191, 2045, 2330, 2341

rolling resistance 191

Coefficient of heat radiation 367

Cold-form tapping 1904-1907

Collets 971-973

Colloidal suspension 1319

Coloring metals 1440-1443

Columns 261-267

American Institute of Steel Construction 264-265, 267

American Railway Engineering Association formulas 261

eccentrically loaded 262

Euler formula 261-263, 266-267

J. B. Johnson formula 262, 266-267

Rankine or Gordon formulas 261, 263

steel pipe, allowable concentric loads 264-265

Combination

drill and tap 1909

shanks for end mills 781

Combinations of involute spline types 2138

Combined stress 206

normal stresses at right angles 206

Combined stresses 207-210

Compensation, insert radius, NC 1281-1284

Complex conjugate 39

Complex or imaginary numbers 38

Composite, checking of gears 2042

Compound

angles 688-690

indexing 1950-1956

thread cutting, NC 1263

Compression

in beams 236, 256-257

in columns 261-267

of air 395-401

springs 285-305

Compressive properties

ceramics 379

definitions 196

strength, values of 476, 478

wood 375-376

Computer numerical control, CNC 1225-1226

programming 1240-1280

Computer-aided (or-assisted)

design (CAD) 1287-1297

manufacturing (CAM) 1287

Concave arbor-type milling cutters 790

Concrete

specific gravity and weight 370

strength 478

Conditional expressions, NC 1258

Conductance, thermal 366

Conductivity

electrical, of metals 1323-1324

electrical, of plastics 580-581

thermal 368-370, 379

Cone

center of gravity 140

clutches 2330-2331

frustum

center of gravity 140

polar moments of inertia 144

radius of gyration 150

frustum of 68

polar moments of inertia 144

radius of gyration 149

Cone volume 68

Conical pendulum 188-189

Conjugate fractions 14-16

Constructional steels 1150-1151

Contact

diameter 1999, 2028

diameter, gearing 2028-2033

ratio 1999, 2029

face 1999

factor 2044-2045

total 1999

ratio, gearing 2024-2029

stress 1999, 2045

stresses, cams 2184-2186

Contact diameter 1999

Contact ratio 1999

Contact ratio factor 2044-2045

Contact stress 1999

Contents of tanks 58-59

Continued fractions 13-14

use of as conjugates 15-16

Contour Milling 1994

Contourmilling 1994

Control, adaptive, NC 1233

Convergents 13-16

Conversational part programming, NC 1240-1241

Conversion

coating of metals 1440-1443

cutting speed formulas 985

tables

angular measure 90, 92

cutting speed and diameter to rpm 986, 1174

cutting speed formulas 1908-1909

decimal equivalents of inch fractions 2519

decimal multiples of SI units 2522

foot-pounds into Btu 2553

hardness 520-524

horsepower into kilowatts 2553

metric into English measure 2525-2550

miscellaneous English units 2532

oil viscosity unit 2201-2202, 2312-2313

pounds-force into newtons 2550

radians into degrees 90, 92

Converting numbers to powers-of-ten notation 18

Convex arbor-type milling cutters 790

Coolants for

lapping 1202

machining

aluminum 1116

magnesium 1117-1118

tool sharpening 939-940

zinc alloys 1118

tapping 1889-1890, 1909

Coordinate system, converting to another 36

Coordinates, for jig boring 953-970

Copolymer 569

Copper

flat products, strength 477

lead bearings 2238-2241

linear expansion 368-369

plating 1445

silicon alloys 565

wire, strength 477

zinc-tin alloys, strength 478

Copper and copper-base alloys

cast 525-532

classification 525

Copper-beryllium 565-566

die casting 1343

passivation 1441-1442

speeds, for drilling and reaming 1041

for turning and milling 1006

wrought 533-542

Copper- and iron-base sintered bearings 2243-2245

Copper Development Association 525-542

Cordage Institute 353, 360

Core drills 846-849

Corner-rounding milling cutters 775, 790

Corrosion-resisting alloys 425, 428, 525-566

castings 1335

Cosecant 83

Cosine 83

Cosine law of 84

Cotangent 83

Cotter pins, standard sizes 1648, 1659, 1662

Cotters 2354

Coulomb shear theory (plastics) 584-585

Counterbores 857-858

Countersinks 813, 862

combined with drills 845

machine 813

Countersunk head

rivets 1466, 1470-1472

British Standard 1464, 1472-1474

screws 1569-1571, 1574-1575, 1591-1599, 1603

British Standard 1591-1598

Couples and Forces 120

Couples of forces 121

Couplings

double-cone 2326

fire-hose 1842-1845

flexible 2327

hose 1841-1843

interference fits 2326

knuckle joint 2328-2329

safety flange 2325

single keys used as fixed 2140, 2143

slipping 2332

universal 2327-2328

CPVC plastics 380, 601, 2511

Crane chain

hoisting 351-360

safe loads 352

strength 351-354

Crane motors 2456-2457

Crane, hooks 351-360

capacity of 357

dimensions 357

Crater-resistant carbide tools

materials for 980

Craters 1319

Creep 524, 576-577

rupture 524, 576-577

Critical

slenderness ratio 261-262

speeds 185-186

formulas for 185-186

of rotating bodies and shafts 185

speeds of rotating shafts 283

temperatures, heat treatment 479, 485

determining 486

Crobalt alloy 981

Croning shell mold process 1336-1337

Crosby Group 356-359

Cross recesses

for machine screws 1577

for self-tapping screws 1623

Cross section lining, ANSI Standard for drawings 606, 608

Crossed helical gears 1998

Crowned

involute splines 2145

splines for large misalignments 2145

Crowned involute splines 2145

Crushing strength, wood 375

Cryogenic treatment, steel 514-517

Cube, volume 66

Cubes of wire diameters 330

Cubic

boron nitride (CBN) 982, 1002, 1004, 1008, 1018, 1021-1022, 1139-1140, 1157, 1166

grinding wheels 1157, 1166

conversions 2542

equations 33

measure 2517, 2542

Cumulative fatigue damage 198

Cupola malleable iron 1330-1331

Curve, normal distribution 1216-1219

Cutoff 701

Cutoff or roughness sampling length 707

Cutter

checking relief and rake angles 801, 805

clearance angles 800-801, 806

compensation, NC 1251-1253, 1281-1284

grinding 798-806

location data (CL data) 1242

radial relief, eccentric type 801-805

rake angles 800-801

spline 799

tooth rest positions 806

wheels for sharpening milling cutters 798-800

Cutter compensation, NC 1251-1253, 1281-1284

location data, NC 1242

Cutters

angular, milling 777, 783, 796-799

bevel gear, formed types 2058-2061

boring-bar 859-864

box-tool 1095

fluting, for reamers 808-810

helical gear, formed type 2077-2079

internal gear 2047

milling 771-806

speeds and feeds for sharpening 800

milling, steels for 452-456

roller chain sprocket 2439-2441

spur gear, formed type 2017-2021

T-slot 775

Woodruff keyseat 795

Cutting

abrasive 1204

electric arc 1428-1429

fluids 1106, 1108-1111

application of to carbides 1111

aqueous solutions 1107

broaching 1108-1109

carbides 1111

chlorinated oils 1107-1109

magnesium 1108-1109, 1111

mineral oil 1109

selection 1107-1109

soluble oils and compounds 1107

sulfurized oils 1107, 1109-1110

various alloys 1107-1109

gas torch cutting 1428-1429

roller chain sprocket teeth 2437

time for turning, boring and facing 1044

wire rope 344

Cutting bevel gear teeth 2053

Cutting speeds and feeds 978, 1040-1046

automatic screw machine 1095

bandsaw 1103-1105

broaching 1043

chip thickness 992-994

cutting speed calculations 1005

cutting tool materials 444-471, 747-757

CVD diamond tools 982

diamond tools 981-982

drilling and turning titanium and titanium alloys 1007

drilling superalloys 1008-1009

drilling, reaming, and threading 1012-1043

copper alloys 1041

feeds 1012

ferrous cast metals 1037-1038

glass 1034

light metals 1039

plain carbon and alloy steels 1030-1035

stainless steels 1036

tool steels 1035

equivalent

chip thickness (ECT) 992-994

rpm for given cutting speed 986-990

rpm for given drill sizes and speed 986

formulas for 985, 1005

honing 1196-1198

metal cutting saws 1044

milling 1009-1012

feeds for high-speed steel cutters 1023

ferrous cast metals 1021-1022

plain carbon and alloy steels 1014

slit and slot 1012-1013

stainless steels 1019-1020

superalloys 1008-1009

titanium and titanium alloys 1007

with cemented carbide cutters 1009-1012

planing 1044

rpm for different speeds and diameters 987-990

shaping 1044

tapping 1012-1039, 1041-1043, 1959-1975

thread chasing 1041-1043

tool

angles 723-730

inserts 747-757, 1281-1284

life 982-983, 992-994

adjusting 755-757, 1004-1005, 1009, 1012, 1028

materials related to 978

tool steels 1000, 1018-1019, 1035

turning

copper alloys 1006

ferrous cast metals 1002-1003

hard-to-machine materials with CBN tools 1008-1009

light metals 1007-1008

plain carbon and alloy steels 996-999

stainless steels 1001

superalloys 1008-1009

titanium and titanium alloys 1007

tool steels 1000

unusual materials 1044

work materials 978

Cutting tools 723-726

angles 723-738, 1281-1284

application codes, ISO 753

carbide grade selection 747-757, 980-981

carbon tool steels 978

carbonitrides (cermets) 747-752, 981

cast nonferrous alloy 981

cemented carbides 747-757, 979-981

ceramics 752-755, 981

coated carbides 980

coatings 750, 980

compositions and properties 748-750

crater-resistant carbides 980

cubic boron nitride (CBN) 754-757, 982, 1140, 1157, 1166

CVD diamond 982

diamond 750-757, 981-982

CVD 982

polycrystalline 754-755, 981-982

synthetic 755-757

grades 752, 980-981

high-speed steel 979

inserts 1281-1284

machining data 755-757

materials 978-982

sharpening 934-935

single-point 723-738

specifications, ISO 751-752

titanium carbides 749-752, 980

trouble-shooting checklist 983

tungsten carbide 747, 979

combined with other elements 749-750

whisker-reinforced 754

Cyanide

bath for heating steel 487

hardening 498

Cyaniding 417-418, 480

Cycloid 1999

area 63

curves, area enclosed by 58

Cylinder

center of gravity 139

collapsing pressure 273-274

hollow

polar moment of inertia 144

radius of gyration 149

volume 68

plates and shells 268-274

polar moment of inertia 144

portion of volume 67-68

portion of, center of gravity 139

radius of gyration 148

strength to resist internal pressure 270-274

working pressure vs. radius ratio 272

Cylindrical coordinates 38

Cylindrical grinding 1175-1183

automation in 1178-1179

basic process data 1178

high speed 1178-1179

machines 1175

operating data 1177

selection of grinding wheels 1142, 1156-1157, 1166, 1176-1177

traverse and plunge grinding 1175

troubles 1179-1183

workholding 1176

Cylindrical tank, contents 58-59

Cylindrical to rectangular coordinates 38

D
Data input, manual, NC 1240

Datum referencing 610-611, 614

Datum target points 616

Datum targets 615

Decalescence point in steel hardening 479, 485

Decimal

equivalents, fractions 2519

multiples and submultiples of SI units 2522

point programming, NC 1245

Dedendum 1999

Definitions

gear terms 1998

geometric dimensioning and tolerancing 610

spline terms 2142

surface texture 699

surfaces of solid materials 697

Deflection

beams 236, 239, 241-242, 253-254

calculating 206

flat plates 268-270

shaft, linear 280

shaft, torsional 277-280

springs

compression and extension 302

torsion 321-324

Degrees, expressed in radians 90, 92

Density 370

air 394

ceramics 379

metals 368-370

plastics materials 380

powdered metals 383

wood 376

Department of Commerce 272-273

Deposition rates (welding) 1367, 1375-1378, 1390-1391

Depth of cut 982-983

Depth of engagement 2127

Derivatives of functions 34-35

Detachable chains 2421

Deviation, mean positional 1217

Diameter of circle enclosing smaller circles 72-75

Diameters for finished shafting 280

Diametral

equivalent circular pitch and tooth proportions 2007-2008, 2091-2093

equivalent modules 2091-2093

pitch 1999

pitch knurls, (ANSI) Standard 1212-1215

pitch, gear teeth

sizes 2002-2004

Diamond

concentration 937-938

dust for lapping 1201

grinding wheels 1152-1169

laps and lapping 1201

tool materials 754-757, 981-982

truing 1158-1162

wheels 937-939, 1163-1169

composition 1166

designation symbols 1163-1166

diamond concentration 937-939

feeds and speeds 1169

grades, grit sizes 937-938

modifications 1166

operating guidelines for 1169

selection of 1168

shapes of standard 1163-1166

speeds and feeds 1169

terminology 1163

thread grinding 1923

Die blocks, steels for 452-456

Die casting 1337-1344

alloys used 1342

bearing metals 1344

design 1341-1342

dies 1343-1344

machining zinc alloy 1118

porosity 1341

Die sinkers' files 1432

Diemaker's reamers 797

Dies and punches, steel for

drawing 1302-1307

hot-working 452-454, 456

Dies and taps

combination drill and tap 1909

maximum pitches 1929-1930

selection of 1885-1887

square thread 883, 887-890

tap drill size 901, 1889-1908

Acme threads 901

formula 1900-1901

metric 1903

pipe 1907-1909

Unified 1889-1902

Dies, sheet metal

angular clearance for 1302

bending allowances 1304-1310

blank diameters for drawing 1304-1307

blocks, steels for 452-454, 456

clearance between punch and die 1301

diameter reductions in drawing 1305

heat-treatment, steels for 452-454

lubricants 1302

press speeds and pressures 1302-1304

punching pressures 1302-1304

rectangular drawing 1302-1304

shut height of press 1302-1304

steels for various classes of die parts 452-454, 456

Dies, steel rule 1315-1317

Dies, threading, maximum pitches 1929-1930

Differential

indexing 1976-1985

pulley 135

Dimensioning and tolerancing, geometric 606, 610-611

DIN 867 2090

Direct (or distributed) NC 1296

Discounted cash flow 30-31

Disk

circular, radius of gyration 147

clutches 2329

method of measuring tapers 682-683

springs 326

Displacement in ball and roller bearings, allowance for axial 2264

Distance across bolt circle 687

Distributed numerical control (DNC) 1296

Distribution curve, normal 1216

Dividing

circles 959-970

head

angular position 796-799

indexing 1947-1993

numbers written in powers-of-ten notation 19

DNC 1296

DOD-P-16232-F 1450

Dolly bars for riveting 1467

Double angle milling cutters 777

Double V-belts 2386-2394

Double-cone clamping couplings 2326

Dovetail slides, measuring 682-683

Dowel pins 1648-1654

metric 1648-1650

Drafting practices, ANSI Standard 606-611

Draw-in bolt ends 923

Drawing

ANSI Standard

drafting practices 606-611

lines 606

sheet sizes 606

surface texture symbols 704-708

welding 1394-1409

bisect angle 52

checking 618

circle around square 54

circle around triangle 53

circular arc 53

data for gear blanks 2033

data for gears 2033-2036

data for involute splines 2139

divide line into equal parts 51

ellipse 54

equilateral triangle 52

helix 55

hexagon around circle 54

hyperbola 55

involute 55

metric dimensions on 708

parabola 55

parallel lines 52

perpendicular lines 51

sizes of sheets 606

square around circle 54

symbols

ANSI Standard 606-611

section lining 606

geometric 609

ISO 609

tangent to circle 53

triangle around circle 53

45-degree angle 52

60-degree angle 52

Drawing data, splines 2140

Drawing dies

annealing drawn shells 1302

blank diameters 1304-1307

brass 1302

depth drawn in one operation 1305-1307

diameter reduction in one operation 1305-1307

rectangular 1302-1304

Drawing, or tempering, steel 493-495

Drawings

checking

inspecting a new design 618

materials specified 618

method of making drawing 619

data for spur and helical gear 2036

metric dimensions on 710

scales of metric drawings 711

specifying spur and helical gear data on 2034

Dressing grinding wheels 1158-1162

Drill

sizes for tapping Acme threads 901

sizes for wood screws 1456

Drilling

accuracy of drilled holes 856-858

automatic screw machine feeds and speeds 1095

cutting speeds for 1094

ferrous cast metals 1037-1038

light metals 1039

superalloys 1008-1009

titanium and titanium alloys 1007

tool steels 1035

difficulties 1034

estimating thrust, torque, and power 1051-1055

feed rates for 1012

holes in glass 1034

holes, accuracy of 856-858

horsepower and thrust for 1051-1055

machine, shaftless motor type 2454

spade 865-871

Drills

accuracy of drilled holes 856-858

angle of cutting point 934-936

chucks, tapers 919

cobalt high-speed steel 857

combined drills and countersinks 845-847

core, taper shank 847

cutting speeds and equivalent rpm 986

definitions of terms 827

diameters of tap 1889-1903

drivers 848-850

for taper pin reamers 1655-1658

grinding 934-937

jobbers length 829-835

length of point 925

metric, British Standard 847-856

nomenclature 827

screw machine drills 829-840

sharpening 935-937

sizes for tapping 1889-1903

for Acme threads 901

spade 865-871

steels for 856-857

straight-shank drill sizes

core drills 849

letter 833-834

metric 829-839

number 829-833

straight-shank, taper-length, drill sizes

fractional 830-839

letter 833-834

metric 830-839

number 830-833

screw machine length 840

tangs for 839

tap and clearance hole sizes 1900

taper-shank core drills 846-849

taper-shank drill sizes

fractional inch 841-846

metric 841-846

twist 827-858

types 827

Drives

motors, NC 2471-2473

nose key 911-912

screws 1620-1621, 1635

square, for portable tools 1208

studs 1662

taper 910-911

Driving slots and lugs for shell reamers and arbors 823

Drop-forging dies, steels for 452-456

Drums, chain and wire rope 342-343, 360

Dry measure 2518, 2523

Dryseal pipe threads 1852-1855

taps for 881

Ductile

cast iron 1332

iron 476, 1332

Duranickel, machining 1118

Durometer tests 521

Dynamic

balance 167

stresses 257-258

Dynamic factor 2044-2045

Dynamic viscosity coefficient for lubricants 2324

Dynamometers 2338-2341

Dyne 2520

E
Earth, weight of 370

Eccentricity 2136

Economic Tool-life 1073

ECT

grinding 1121

ECT (equivalent chip thickness) 992-994

EDG (electrical discharge grinding) 1319

EDM 1318-1329

dielectric filter 1319

dielectric fluid 1319

dielectric strength 1319

discharge channel 1319

dither 1319

duty cycle 1319

electrode growth 1319

electrode wear 1319

electro-forming 1319

Farad 1319

gap 1320

gap current 1320

gap voltage 1320

heat-affected zone 1323-1324

ion 1320

ionization 1320

low-wear 1320

negative electrode 1320

no-wear 1320

overcut 1320

overcut taper 1320

plasma 1320

plunge (sinker) method 1321-1328

electrode materials 1324

machine settings 1322

making electrodes 1327

metal removal rates 1323

positive electrode 1320

power parameters 1320

process 1321

quench 1320

recast layer 1320

secondary discharge 1320

spark in 1320

spark out 1320

square wave 1321

stroke 1321

UV axis 1321

white layer 1321

wire EDM 1321

wire guide 1321

wire method 1318, 1328-1329

wire speed 1321

workpiece materials 1323-1324

Effective

dimensions, splines 2127, 2136

length of bolt 1479

vs. nominal interest rates 25

Efficiency 2000

influence of friction on 191

machine tool 1048-1051

spade drilling 870

riveted joints 1459-1462

Elastic

limit 196

modulus 196

for various materials 196

plastics 583

region 196, 1483-1484

tightening fasteners in 1477-1481

Elastic properties of material 384

Elasticity (rigidity)

modulus of 196

in shear (torsion) 196

spring materials 326-329

various materials 196

Elasticity factor 2044-2045

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication 2321

Electric

arc, cutting metals 1428-1429

dielectric strength

ceramics 379

plastics 380

socket and lamp base threads 1846

Electrical relationships 2532

Electrodes (welding)

characteristics of standard types 1378-1382

AWS E60XX 1379-1383

AWS E70XX 1381-1383

current to use with 1367-1386

deposition rates 1364, 1367-1370, 1375-1377

diameter to use 1363-1364, 1372, 1381, 1383

selecting GTAW tungsten type 1385-1387

wire, feed rates 1367-1375

Electropolishing 1447

Elements, table of chemical 363

Elevation reading displacements 1219

Ellipse

area 65

methods of drawing 54

moment of inertia 222

radius of gyration 222

section modulus 222

segment, center of gravity 138

Ellipsoid

polar moment of inertia 145

radius of gyration 150

volume 69

Elongation

carbon and alloy steels 432-436

carbon steel rounds, squares, and hexagons 430-431

copper alloys 526-542

copper-beryllium alloys 566

copper-silicon alloys 565

high-strength, low-alloy steels 441

Investment casting alloy 381

magnesium alloys 560

nickel alloys 562-563

plastics 380

stainless steels 439

titanium alloys 564

various metals 383

Emery

grades 1440

grain numbers for polishing 1440

End mills

angles for milling teeth in 796-797

ANSI Standard 779-789

combination shanks for 781

terminology of 778-779

Endurance limit 197, 2044-2045

for spring materials 295

Energy 156-158, 1319

kinetic 157-159

of flywheels 173, 175

potential 157-158

Energy and momentum 154

Engagement, length of thread 1489-1491

Engine lathe, change gears 1912

Enlarged pinions

center-distance system for 2027

in helical gearing 2077-2080

in spur gearing 2019-2027

Epicyclic gearing 2083-2087

bevel gear type 2085-2087

compound drive 2087

ratios 2085-2087

Epicycloidal curves, areas 58

Equations

cubic 33

quadratic 33

solution of

first degree with one unknown 32

first degree with two unknowns 33

numerical with one unknown 35

quadratic with one unknown 33

using Newton-Raphson method 35

Equilateral triangle 83

Equivalent chip thickness (ECT) 992-994

Equivalent pitch ratio 2000

Equivalents, power and heat 2551

Erg 2520

Etching and etching fluids 1440-1441

Euler's formulas for columns 261-263

Evaluation length 701

Evaporation, latent heat of 364

Everdur copper-silicon alloy 565

exbi 2533

Expansion

air 395-396

chucking reamers 814

coefficient of (linear)

ceramics 379

metals 368-370

plastics 370

fits 623

hand reamers 817

pipe 392

Exponent 17

External spline 2128, 2138

External spur gear 1998

Extrusion process 1347-1351

Eye bolts and nuts 358-359

F
Fabric, bonding 2462-2463

Face advance 2000

Facing

cutting time for 1044

hard 1423-1427

Factorial 97

Factors

of numbers 3-12

prime number 3-12

Factors of safety 199

machine columns 265

shafts 276, 283

tubes subject to external pressure 274

wire rope 339-340

Fahrenheit and Celsius (Centigrade) temperatures 2514-2516

Failure

fatigue, modes of 199

fatigue, springs 293-295

of riveted joints 1458

of springs 331

Fatigue

combined with creep 199

contact 199

corrosion 199

cumulative damage 198

failure, modes of 199

influence of stress on 197-198

low/high cycle 199

properties 197

S-N diagrams 197-198

springs 293-295

surface 199

thermal 199

FCAW (flux-cored arc welding) 1371-1378

Federal Specification

gage blocks, inch and metric sizes 717

GGG-G-15A 717

GGG-G-15B 717

GGG-G-15C 717-719

Feed

function, NC 1249-1250

rate override, NC 1251

rates

centering tools 1095

for drilling 868-870, 1012-1043, 1095

for milling 1009-1012

for turning 996-1009

hollow mills 1095

Feeds and speeds 597-599, 869, 978-1046, 1094-1095, 1103-1106

Feet

into meters 2541

into millimeters 2538

per minute into rpm 985-990, 1908-1909

Fellows stub tooth gears 2010

Ferrite 483

Ferrous

cast metals, speeds

for drilling, reaming, and threading 1037-1038

for milling 1021-1022

for turning 1002-1003

metals, properties of 473, 475-476

Fiber, vulcanized, strength of 478

Fiberglass sheet, properties 380

Files 1430

applications 1431-1432

characteristics 1431

classes 1431

cross sections 1431-1432

curved tooth 1431-1432

machinists' 1431-1432

mill or saw 1431-1432

rasps 1432-1433

rotary 1433-1434

special purpose 1432

steel for 854

Swiss pattern 1432-1433

teeth, cut of 1431

Filler metals for brazing 1354-1359

Fillet

area 64

center of gravity 138

Fillet radius 2000

Fillister head machine screws 1574

Fine blanking 1312-1314

Finishing of castings 1338

Finishing, power brush 1435-1438

Fire hose connection screw thread 1842-1845

Fits

and limits

graphical representation 631-633

tolerances designation 642-644

cylindrical

allowances and tolerances for 621-667

ANSI Standard 627-657

application of tolerances 622

British Standard 657-667

clearance 631-637

definitions 621-644

expansion 623

forced 622, 640

metric ISO, British 657-666

metric radial, ball and roller bearing shaft and housing 2264

preferred series 630

running 631-635

shrinkage 623-640

transition 631, 633, 638

pressure in assembling 622-623

Fittings, pipe 2504-2512

friction loss in 392

Fixed (canned) cycles, NC 1258-1262

Fixtures and jigs 941-951

Flame

cutting of metals 1428-1429

hardening 417, 499-500

spraying process 1351

Flanged housing and pillow block bearings 2254

Flank of tooth 2000

Flat

belts 2368-2369

length formula 2369

rivets for belts 1469

rules for diameters and speeds of pulleys 2370-2371

speed limitations 2368

head cap screws 1599, 1603

head machine screws 1569-1571, 1597-1598

metal products, preferred thicknesses 2503

plate

circular 270

square and rectangular 268-269

strengths 268-270

thin 148

thrust bearings 2219-2225

stayed surfaces in boiler work, strength 268

Flat knurls 1213

Flexible

belts 2372, 2419

couplings 2327

manufacturing

cell 1235

module 1235

systems, (FMS) 1234

Floor and bench stand grinding 1192

Flow of air in pipes 401

Flow of water through nozzles 390

in pipes 388-389, 2509

Fluid Maintenance

1114

biocide Treatment 1114

personal protective clothing 1114

system service 1114

Fluidized bed furnace 479, 485

Fluting cutters, reamers 808-810

Fluxes

brazing 1354-1359

soldering 1352-1354

Flywheels 173-184

bursting speed tests 182-183

calculations 173-184

centrifugal stresses in 178

classification 173

design, general procedure 174

energy of 173, 175

for presses, punches, shears 174-178

dimensions of 176

rim velocity 176

simplified calculations 177-178

weight of rim 177

pulley 173

spokes or arms of 184

stream engine 183-184

stresses 183

centrifugal in rim 178

combined bending and centrifugal 179

in rotating disks 183

types of 173

Foot-pound

equivalents 2551

into British thermal units 2553

Force 113, 195

acceleration resulting from 154-156

addition and subtraction of 118

algebraic composition and resolution of 121-129

algebraic solution

forces in same plane 122-124

forces not in same plane 126-129

and couples, work performed by 158

centrifugal 163-166

calculating 164

colinear 121

components of 118, 121

composition 118, 121

concurrent 121

components of single force 122

coplanar 121

couples of 120-121

differential pulley 135

for moving body on horizontal plane 135

friction 155

graphical representation 118-120

moment of 113, 120

noncoplanar 121

normal component 155

of blow 159-160

of gravity 155

on inclined plane 131

parallel 119

parallelogram of 119

polygon of 119

pound 114, 116

relationship to time 195

resolution of 118, 121

into rectangular components 126

resultant 118, 121

any number of concurrent forces 126

locating when components are known 129

non-intersecting forces 124-125

non-parallel, non-intersecting forces 128

parallel forces 123

parallel forces not in same plane 127

single force and couple 123

three or more concurrent forces 122

two concurrent forces 122

screw 135

systems 118-135

toggle joint 133

work performed by 158

Forced fits, allowances 622, 640

Forces and Couples 158

Format

classification 1243-1245

detail, NC 1243-1245

word address, NC 1243-1245

Formed cutters for internal gears 2047

Forming tools 758-770

arrangement of 770

circular 760-770

diameters of 762-770

with top rake 762-764

feeds per revolution 770, 1094

speeds for 770, 1094

straight 758-761

with rake 758-761

Formulas

algebraic 32

beam 207

calculating dimensions of milled bevel gears 2056

column

American Railway Engineering Association 261

Euler 261-262, 266-267

Johnson 262

Rankine or Gordon 261

straight-line 261

contour milling 1994

critical speeds 185-186

cutting speed 985

dimensions of milled bevel gears 2054

dimensions of SAE standard splines 2160

dimensions of standard spur gears 2004

distance across bolt circle 687

internal gears 2048

linear motion, constant acceleration 152

pendulum 189

proportions of ANSI fine-pitch worms and wormgears 2065

rearrangement of 20-21

rotary motion, constant acceleration 153

tooth parts

former American Standard spur gear 2010

tooth parts, coarse pitch spur gear 2004

torque capacity of involute splines 2141

transposition 20-21

trigonometric 84-85

work and power 162

Formulas for center of gravity 136

Fourth powers of wire diameters 330

Fractional threads 1912

Fractions

conjugate 14-15

continued 13-14

use of 15-16

decimal equivalents 2519

one inch into decimal inches 2519

one inch into millimeters 2538

Free

body diagram 155

cutting steels 409, 422

wheeling clutches 2332

Freezing mixtures 367

French

metric screw threads 1780

thermal unit 2514

Fretting damage 2145

Friction 155, 190-192

brakes 2337-2341

clutches 2328-2330

coefficients 191, 2330, 2338-2341

rolling resistance 191

static steel on various materials 191

effect on efficiency 191

laws of 190

rolling 191

wheels, power transmission 2339-2341

Friction loss

Elbow

45 degree 392

90 degree 392

in bearings 2280

Standard tee

Flow thru branch 392

Flow thru run 392

Fuels

average weights and volumes 371

weight 372

Functions

derivatives 34-35

involute 97-101

sevolute 97

trigonometric 83-85, 93

tables of 93-96

versed cosine 97

versed sine 97

Functions of angles

graphic illustration 92

Furnaces, steel heat-treating 479, 484-485, 512-513

Fusion, latent heat of 364

G
Gage block sets

inch sizes 718

metric sizes 719

Gage blocks 717

Gage blocks, precision 717-719

federal specifications for 717

inch sizes 718

metric sizes 719

Gage tolerances 1883, 1885-1898

Gagemakers tolerances 656-662

Gages

ANSI Unified thread

allowances and tolerances 1882-1884

angle tolerances 1882

classification 1877-1879

constants for computing dimensions 1883

diameter tolerances 1882

form 1879, 1883

formulas for limits 1883-1884

tolerances for plain gages 1883

tolerances on lead 1882

rods 2499

sheet metal 2501-2503

sheet zinc 2502

thickness and diameter sizes, galvanized sheet 2502

tubing 2499

usage, ANSI Standard recommended 656

wire 330, 2499-2500

zinc 2502

Gaging methods and measuring instruments 669

Gallons

cylindrical tanks 58-59

in tank at given level 58-59

into cubic inches 2518

U.S. into liters 2545

Galvanized, (welding) 1363

Gas

carburizing 417, 498

illuminating, specific gravity 371

metal arc welding (GMAW) 1363-1371

specific gravity 371

tungsten arc welding (GTAW) 1382-1387

Gasket materials 1458-1459

Gasoline, specific gravity 371

G-code programming, NC 1243-1263

Gear

blanks 2033-2034, 2052-2053

crossed helical 1998

helical 1998

hypoid bevel 1998

materials 2063, 2113-2120

set, center distance 2010-2015

shapers, root diameters of gears cut on 2011

shaving 2011-2013

size, checking 2094-2112

specifications 2033-2036

spur

internal 1998

spur, external 1998

straight bevel 1998

teeth

induction hardening 502

invention of 2121-2122

tooth caliper, vernier 2020, 2108-2111

trains, for fractional ratios 1913-1914

worm 1998

zerol bevel 1998

Gear cutters, formed

involute 2017-2021, 2047, 2077-2079

milling cutters for chain sprockets 792-793

milling cutters for 14.5 deg. pressure angle gears 791

milling cutters for 14.5 deg. pressure angles 791

for miter and bevel gears 792

number for bevel gears 2058-2060

Gear cutting

block or multiple indexing 1990-1991

excess depth to obtain backlash 2039-2040

formed cutter selection 2021, 2058-2059, 2077-2079

helical 2077-2078

internal gears 2047

methods for bevel 2053-2062

shaving 2011-2013

Gear ratio 2000

Gear teeth, comparative sizes and shape of 2002

Gear to Mesh with Enlarged Pinion 2027

Gear tooth stiffness constants 2045

Geared chucks, spindles for 1203

Gearing 2048-2066, 2068, 2070, 2077, 2093-2125

AGMA Standards 2037, 2041

angular backlash 2036-2042

backlash 2036-2042, 2103

backlash, recommended 2038

bevel 2050-2063

bronze and brass castings for 2117

calculating

helical gears 2068-2083

replacement gear dimensions 2123-2125

spur gears 2004-2033

calculating dimensions of milled bevel gears 2056

case hardening steels for 2113, 2117

checking gear sizes 2094-2112

checking pressures 2042

chordal measurement of teeth 2015-2017, 2108-2111

circular pitch system 2002

compound 1912, 1978

contact ratios 2024-2026

design of bevel gear blanks 2052

diametral and circular pitch 2003

diametral pitch 1999, 2009

diametral pitch system 2002

drawing data 2033-2036

efficiency 2000

elasticity factor 2044-2045

enlarged fine-pitch pinions 2023

enlarged pinion and reduced dimensions to avoid interference 2019

enlarged pinions meshing without backlash 2027

epicyclic 2083-2087

equivalent pitch radius 2000

external spur gears 1998

face advance 2000

Fellows stub tooth 2010

fillet radius 2000

fillet stress 2000

fine-pitch gears, blanks for 2033

finishing gear milling cutters 2023

flank of tooth 2000

for given center distance and ratio 2010, 2012-2013

forged and rolled

alloy steels for 2113-2117

carbon steels for 2113-2117

formed cutters for milling bevel gears 2060

geometrical factor 2046

geometry factors 2045

geometry of gear teeth 2002

heat treatment to permit machining 2113-2114

helical 2068-2083

herringbone 2083

highest point of single tooth contact (HPSTC) 2030-2031

hypoid 2051

idler gears 1977

increasing pinion diameter to avoid undercut or interference 2022

induction hardening 502

information to be given on drawings 2043

inspection 2042

inspection of gears 2042

integral temperature criterion 2046

interference 2000

internal 2047-2048

internal diameter 2000

internal gear 2000

internal spur gears 1998, 2047

invention 2122

involute curve 2002

land 2000

lead 2000

length of action 2000

life factor 2044-2045

line of action 2000

load distribution 2044-2045

lowest point of single tooth contact (LPSTC) 2000, 2029

lubricant influence 2044

lubricant influence, roughness, and speed 2044

lubrication film factor 2045

material quality 2044

materials for 2063-2066, 2113-2120

measuring 2020, 2094-2112

methods of cutting internal gears 2047

metric

module gear cutters 2021

minimum demanded and actual safety factor 2045

minimum demanded and calculated safety factors 2045

minimum number of teeth to avoid undercutting 2027

module 2000

module system 2090-2093

mountings for bevel gears 2053

non-metallic 601-604, 2118-2122

outside diameter 2000

pin method of checking size 2094-2112

pitch diameter 2002

obtained with diametral pitch system 2003

pitch point 2000

plane of rotation 2001

planetary 2083-2087

pressure angle 2001, 2008

profile checker settings 2031

rack 2001

ratchet 2088-2089

relative sizes of internal gear and pinion 2047

replacement gear dimensions 2122-2125

roll angle 2001

root diameter 2001

selection of involute gear milling cutter 2021

size factor 2044

spur 2002-2033

standard normal diametral pitches 2043

steels for 2113-2117

surface condition factor 2045

tangent plane 2001

tangential force 2044

terms used in specifications 2034

through hardening steels for 2113-2114

tip relief 2001

tooth face 2001

tooth proportions

fine-pitch involute spur and helical gears 2008

for enlarging fine-pitch pinions 2025-2026

tooth surface 2001

tooth thickness allowance for shaving 2013

tooth-to-tooth composite error 2042

total composite error 2042

total face width 2001

transverse load distribution factor 2045

transverse plane 2001

trochoid 2001

true involute form (TIF) 2030

true involute form diameter 2001, 2030

undercut 2001

undercut limit for hobbed involute gears 2030

welding factor 2045

work Hardening Factor 2045

work hardening factor 2044

working depth 2001

worm 2064-2066

worm gearing 2064

worm gears 1998

zone factor 2044-2045

Gearing ratios

change, for lathe 1912-1915

differential indexing 1976-1985

finding accurate 1915-1917

Gears for given center distance and ratio 2012

General purpose Acme threads 1792-1802

data 1799

designation 1795

form 1793-1794, 1796

formulas for diameters 1796

limiting dimensions 1795, 1797, 1802

pitch diameter allowances 1800

thread form 1793-1794, 1796

Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing 606, 610

datum

feature 610

identifier 610

plane 611

reference frame 611

simulator 611

target 611

target areas 616

target lines 616

definitions 610

degrees of freedom 611

dimension

basic 612

origin 612

reference 612

feature 612

feature control frame 612

free state 618

least material condition (LMC) 612

material removal required or prohibited 706

maximum material condition (MMC) 613

mean line 699

modifiers 616

position 613

positional tolerance 616

projected tolerance zone 616

regardless of feature size (RFS) 613

relation of surface roughness to tolerances 702

size, actual 613

size, feature of 613

tangent plane 618

Geometric symbols

comparison of ANSI and ISO 609

Geometrical

constructions 51-55

dimensioning and tolerancing 606, 610-611

progression 43, 45

propositions 46-50

symbols for drawings 609-614

Geometrical factor 2046

Geometry factors 2045

German standard

gear tooth 2090

screw threads, metric 1780

Gib-head keys 2345-2367

gibi 2533

Gleason system

bevel gears 2051-2054

Zerol bevel gears 2050-2051

Glue, pattern 1339-1340

GMAW

(gas metal arc welding) 1363-1371

welding aluminum 1365-1366

welding stainless steel 1364-1366

GO and NOT GO gages 2147

Gold

plating 1447

Goodman diagram 197-198

Gordon formula for columns 261, 263

Grade markings on bolts and nuts

ASTM and SAE 1488-1489

inch 1484-1488

metric 1534, 1559-1560, 1586

Grams

into ounces, avoirdupois 2547

per cubic centimeter into pounds per cubic inch 2549

Granite

specific gravity and weight 370

strength 478

Graphical Resolution of Forces 118

Graphical solution of force systems 118-120

Graphitic materials for bearings 2242, 2245

Gravel, weight 370

Gravitational system of measurement 114

Gravity 114

acceleration due to 114

center of, in various geometrical figures 136-142

force of 155

lubrication systems 2314-2316

specific 370

gases 371

liquids 371

plastics 380

various substances 370-371

Gray cast iron 1330

Grease lubricants 2316-2318

Greek symbols 2554

Green sand molding 1336-1337

Green wood, weight per cubic feet 377

Grindability of tool steels 1151-1152

Grinders

safety for 1170

spindles for portable 1207, 1209

Grinding 1139-1193

abrasive belt grinding 1193

abrasives 1139-1141

basic rules 1120

carbide materials, diamond wheel 1135

carbide tools 937-940

cast iron 1132

centerless 1183-1185

centerless grinding troubles 1184-1185

ceramic materials, diamond wheel 1135

chip breakers 939-940

cylindrical 1175-1183

cylindrical grinding troubles 1179-1183

diamond wheel 937-939, 1163-1169

ECT 1121

equivalent diameter (work conformity) factor 1125

finishing 1128

floor and bench stand 1192

fluids 1107

grindability groups 1128

grinding cost, optimization and process planning 1138

grinding cutting forces, torque and power 1126

grinding data selection including wheel life 1127

grinding rules and data selection 1120

heat resistant alloys 1134

internal centerless 1183

milling cutters 798-801

minimum cost conditions 1123

offhand grinding 1192

optimization 1138

optimum grinding data for roughing 1123

planing tools 729-730

plunge 1175

portable grinding 1192

procedure to determine data 1130

relative grindability 1129

rpm, various speeds and diameters 1174

screw threads 1923-1927

side feed, roughing and finishing 1128

silicon carbide wheels 937-939

spark-out time 1125

specific metal removal rates 1125

spindles for portable tools 1203

surface 1185-1192

surface finish, Ra 1124

surface grinding troubles 1190

swing-frame 1192

terms and definitions 1129

tool steels 1132-1134

tools

carbide 937-939

twist drills 934-937

traverse 1175

unhardened steels 1131

user calibration of recommendations 1136

wheel life and grinding ratio 1120

wheel life relationships and optimum grinding data 1122

wheel life vs. cost 1138

wheel safety 1170-1174

handling 1170

inspection 1170

machine conditions 1170

mounting 1170

portable grinders 1172

safe operating speeds 1171-1174

speed conversion table 1174

speeds, maximum 1173

storage 1170

wheel safety grades 1140

wheels 1139-1162, 1170-1174

abrasive materials for 1139-1140

angles for eccentric type radial relief angles on milling cutters 804

bond properties 1140

CBN 1140, 1157, 1166

cubic boron nitride 1139, 1157

diamond 754-755

truing of 1158-1162

dressing and truing of 1158-1162

faces, shapes of 1150

grades 1140

markings, standard 1141-1142

mounted wheels and points 1205-1206

metric 1204

mounting and safety 1170

selection of 1142-1162

shapes and sizes, standard 1142-1150

metric 1148-1149

structure 1140-1141

truing

diamond feeds 1161

diamond sizes 1161

dressing of 1158-1162

wheel markings 1141

work speed and depth of cut selection 1121

work speeds in rough and finish grinding 1125

Grooved pins 1656, 1658-1662

Grooving and oil feeding of bearings 2204-2205

Ground thread tap, designations 898

GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) 1382-1387

Guide bearings 2236-2237

Guldinus or Pappus rules 56

Gutta percha, turning 1045

G-word, NC 1245-1249

Gyration radius of 146

bar, small diameter 147

circular disk, thin 147

circular ring, thin flat 148

cone 149

cone, frustum 150

cylinder 148

cylinder, hollow 149

ellipsoid 150

flat plate, thin 148

hollow cylinder, thin 148

hollow sphere 150

paraboloid 150

parallelepiped 149

parallelogram 148

prism, rectangular 149

ring 147

sphere 150

sphere, hollow 150

spherical shell, thin 150

thin flat plate 148

H
H- and L-limits 879-880, 896-897

Hand

expansion reamers 817

of flute helix 774

of milling cutter 773

reamers 807-817

Hard facing 1423-1427

Hard rubber, machining 1119

Hardenability 415-416

test methods 416

Hardening steel 479, 485-486, 491-492

flame 499

induction 500

laser and electron beam 503

Hardmetals 747-757

carbonitride based 749-750

coated 750-752

ISO classifications 753

tooling for wood and nonmetals 757

Hardness 415

aluminum alloys 550-555

bearings 2199-2200

ceramics 379

heat-treated steels 430-436

magnesium alloys 560

O-ring 2483-2484

plastics 380

powdered metal alloys 383

relation to tensile strength 473, 475, 521, 524

steel

carbon and alloy 432-436

castings 1333

cold drawn, rounds, square, and hexagons 431

stainless 439

tool steels 458, 460, 462, 464, 468, 471

surface (case) 415-416

testing 516-524

Brinell 516-524

conversion errors, causes 521

conversion tables 520-524

correction for curvature 2304

diamond pyramid 518-520

durometer 521, 2485, 2487

Hultgren ball 517-521

Keep's test 519

Knoop hardness numbers 518-519

Mohs hardness scale 521, 524

monotron 518-519

relationship between hardness and tensile strength 473, 475, 521, 524

Rockwell 520-524

scleroscope 518-521

Turner's sclerometer 521, 524

Vickers 518-521

H-bands (hardenability) 416

Heat

absolute temperature and zero 2514

coefficients of radiation 367

coefficients of transmission 367

Fahrenheit-Celsius conversion 2514-2516

freezing mixtures 367

ignition temperatures 367

latent 364

loss from uncovered steam pipes 365-366

mechanical equivalent 2514

power equivalents 2551

quantity measurement 2514

radiating capacity of bearings 2204

radiation coefficient 367

scales 2514

specific 364

temperature scales 2514-2516

thermal energy 2514

Heat radiating capacity of bearings 2206

Heat treatment 479-483

high-speed steels

annealing 510-511

furnaces for 512-513

hardening 508-514

steel 414-415, 479-517

annealing 414, 479, 483, 495-497

annealing temperatures 496-497, 503-505

baths

heating 487

quenching 488-492

tempering 492-495

carbonitriding 417

carburizing 417, 498

temperatures 504-505

case hardening 497-499

case hardening steels 504-505

cleaning work after case hardening 499

colors for tempering 495

cooling

low-temperature, to stabilize dimensions 514-517

subzero, to improve properties 516-517

cyanide hardening 498

decalescence point 479, 485

defects in hardening 488

double tempering 494

flame hardening 499

furnaces 479, 484-485

hardenability test, Jominy 416

hardening temperatures 479, 485-486, 504-505

hardening, defects in 488

heat treatments for SAE steels 503-505

induction hardening 500-503

interrupted quenching 490-492

lead bath temperatures 487, 494

liquid baths 487

nitriding 417, 513

normalizing 414, 496-497

normalizing temperatures 503-505

oil hardening steels 503-505

pack-hardening 498

protective coatings for molybdenum steels 512

quenching 414, 481-485, 488-492, 510

recalescence point 479, 485

salt baths 487

scale formation 488

spheroidizing 496-497

stabilizing dimensions 515

strength and hardness of AISI steels 432-436

stress relieving 415

subzero treatments 516-517

surface hardening 503

tanks for quenching baths 490

tempering 416, 482, 493-495

time aging 515

water quenching 489

Hectares into acres 2541, 2544

Helical

gearing

enlarged fine-pitch pinions 2077-2080

fine pitch 2077-2079

formed cutter number 2077-2079

hobbing 2080

replacement gear dimensions 2122-2125

shafts

at any angle 2069-2078

at right angles 2072-2074

parallel 2070

interpolation, NC 1255

milling 2077-2079

change gears 1931-1948

wire screw thread inserts 1635

Helical gearing 1998, 2068-2083

center distance for enlarged 2080

change gears for hobbing 2080-2083

checking gear size 2094, 2103-2109

checking size by pin method 2103

chordal thickness and addendum 2015-2017

data on drawings 2033-2036

direction of thrust 2068

enlarged fine-pitch pinions 2080

fine pitch 2006-2008

helix angles 2069

herringbone type 2083

hobbing 2081-2083

normal tooth thickness 2006, 2008

pin method of checking size 2094-2109

pitch of cutter 2069

problems 2083

spur gear replacement by helical gears 2122

tooth number for selected formed cutter 2077-2079

tooth proportions 2008

Helical gears 1998

Helical overlap 2000

Helix 1933

angle 2000

angle factor 2045

angles, screw threads 1740-1749

constructing 55

lead for given angle 1943-1948

measurement of angle 1933

Helix angle 2000

Herringbone gearing 2083

Hertz stress, 2000

Hexagon

area 62

distance across corners 82

Highest point of single tooth contact (HPSTC) 2000, 2030

High-speed steels 457-460, 979

as cutting tool materials 979

cobalt 856-857

cobaltcrom 508

heat treatment 508-514

annealing 510-511

equipment 513

forging 513

hardening

molybdenum 510-512

temperatures 509-510

tungsten 508-510

nitriding 512-513

preheating tungsten 508

quenching

molybdenum 512

tungsten 509-510

subzero treatment 514-517

tempering

molybdenum 512

tungsten 510-511

time for through hardening 509

molybdenum 457-458, 464, 510-513

tungsten 458, 460, 462, 508-511

High-strength, low-alloy (HSLA) steels 409-410, 440-443

Hob tip radius, maximum 2030-2033

Hobbing helical gears, change gears 2080-2083

Hobs

change gears for relieving 1916-1917

roller chain sprocket 2437, 2439

Hobs, worm gear 2064

Hoisting chain and wire rope 333-360

Holders for NC, insert 732-738, 1281-1284

Hold-on or dolly bars for riveting 1467

Holes

accuracy of drilled 856-858

coordinate dimension factors for jig boring 959-970

difficulties in reaming 812

for riveted joints 1457

for tapping 1889-1907

in glass, drilling 1034

sizes for self-tapping screws 1628-1635

spacing of, on a jig borer 959-970

Hollow

cylinder 149

mills, feeds and speeds 1095

sphere 150

Honing process 1196-1199

abrasive stones for 1198

adjustments 1198-1199

carbide tools 939-940

rotative speeds in 1196-1198

stock removal, rate of 1197

tolerances 1199

Hooks, dimensions of crane 357

Horsepower 113

air compression 396-400

chain transmission 2431-2444

converted into kilowatts 2551, 2553

disk clutches 2329

drilling different materials 1051-1053

dynamometer test 2338-2341

electric motor ratings 2446

equivalents 2551, 2553

formulas 162

friction wheels 2339-2341

gearing 2118-2121

helical gearing 2068-2083

machining 1046-1051

nonmetallic gears 2118-2122

planing and shaping 1047-1049

roller chains 2431-2444

set-screw transmitting capacity 1619

shafting 275-277

spade drilling 870, 1051-1054

spur gears 2118-2122

torque equivalent 275-277

V-belt drives 2372-2419

water at a given head 389

Horsepower-hour equivalents 2551

Hose coupling screw threads 1841-1845

Hot short alloy 1337-1338

Hot-working, tool steels for 452-454, 456

HSLA steels 409-410, 440-443

Hydrant screw thread 1842-1845

Hydrochloric acid, specific gravity 371

Hydrometer, Baumé's, and specific gravity 371

Hydrostatic bearings 2195-2196

Hyperbola area 65

constructing 55

Hypocycloidal curves, areas 58

Hypoid bevel gears 1998

Hypoid gears 2049, 2051

applications of 2051

Hypotenuse 83

Hysteresis 290

I
I-beam

aluminum 2498

standard structural

steel 2493

structural

moment of inertia 2489-2493

section modulus 2489-2493

steel 2489

weight per foot 2489-2493

Ice, specific gravity and weight 370

Identities, trigonometric 84-85

Idler gears 1977

IGES (initial graphics exchange specification) 1294-1296

Ignition temperature 368

Impact force of 159

Impact strength, Izod

carbon and alloy steels 432-433

plastics 380

Impulse 160-162

Impulse and momentum, angular 161

Inch

decimals of, into millimeters 2525-2535

fractional, into millimeters 2538

into centimeter and millimeter 2533

millimeters into decimals of 2536

Inclined plane 130, 155

force for moving body on 130

motion on 155

Inclined plane, forces on 131

Inconel metals 562-563

Incremental programming, NC 1248

Indexable

carbide inserts 729-732

insert holders, NC 732-738, 1281-1284

inserts, single-point tools 729-732

Indexing

angular 1956-1976

block or multiple 1990-1991

compound 1947-1948, 1950-1956

differential 1976-1985

head worm wheel with 64 teeth 1992

milling machine 1947-1993

movements 1951-1975, 1979-1989, 1992-1993

rack cutting on milling machine 1993

reamer teeth for irregular spacing 807-808

simple 1947-1948, 1979-1985

Indexing head, angular position for

milling cams 2186-2188

milling clutches 2334-2336

milling end mills and angular cutters 796-799

Induction hardening 417-418, 500-503

equipment 500-501

gear teeth 502-503

quenching 502

steels for 501

Industrial assets, investments in 27-31

Inertia 113

moment of 217

polar 277-278

Initial graphics exchange specification (IGES), NC 1294-1296

Inserts

hardmetal materials 747-757

holders for NC 732-738, 1281-1284

indexable 730-738, 1281-1284

radius compensation, NC 1281-1284

screw thread 1635

self-tapping screw 1635

superhard materials 754-757

Inspection methods 669-719

Instrument maker's thread system 1846

Instrumentation

surface texture measurement 704

Interest

compound 24

finding unknown rate 26

formulas 28

nominal vs. effective 25

simple 24

Interference 2000

Interference fit threads 1786-1791

British Standard 1551, 1562

coarse threads 1789-1790

designation symbols 1787

dimensions 1788

engagement lengths 1789

interferences 1787, 1789

lubrication 1789

materials for 1789

profile 1786

spur gearing 2019-2022

torques for 1791

Interferometer 1219

Internal diameter 2000

Internal gear 2000

Internal spur

gear 1998

gearing 2047-2048

International System (SI) units 2520-2524

Interpolation

circular, NC 1254-1255

helical and parabolic, NC 1255

linear, NC 1253

Interrupted quenching 490-492

Inverse

and direct proportions combined 23

ratio or reciprocal 21

Investment

annual cost method 27-29

casting 1344-1346

in industrial assets 27-31

present worth method 29-30

prospective rate of return method 30-31

Investment casting alloy

aluminium 381-382

bronge 381-382

carbon and low alloy steel 381-382

cobalt 381-382

copper 381-382

stainless steel 381-382

Involute 2000

constructing 55

curve properties 2004, 2006

curve, properties of 2002

functions 97-101

gear cutters, formed type 2021, 2047, 2054, 2056-2060, 2077-2079

serrations 2126

splines 2126-2150

ANSI Standard, inch dimensions 2126-2147

basic dimension formulas 2131, 2151

basic rack profile 2155

chamfers and fillets 2135, 2155

combinations of types 2138

compressive stresses,allowable 2145

crowning for misalignment 2145

dimensions, effective and actual 2135-2151

drawing data 2139

fillets and chamfers 2135, 2155

fits, types of 2133, 2148-2150

fretting damage 2145

inspection methods 2146

interchangeability 2138

metric module 2148-2155

pin measurement of 2147

reference dimensions 2138, 2155

shear stresses allowable 2142

sizes and lengths, estimating 2140, 2143

space width limits 2136-2138, 2151-2153

symbols for 2129, 2139, 2148-2150

tensile stresses, allowable 2145

terms 2126-2129, 2148-2153

tolerances 2133-2134, 2151-2153

tooth numbers 2129, 2133

tooth proportions 2129-2133, 2148-2155

tooth thickness limits 2136, 2151-2153

torque capacity formulas 2140-2145

variations

effect of 2135, 2153

types of 2127, 2135, 2153

Involute splines 2000, 2126, 2129

American National Standard 2126

basic dimension 2133

classes of tolerances 2133

diametral pitch 2128

effect of spline variations 2136

effective

clearance 2128

space width 2128

tooth thickness 2128

variation 2128, 2153

effective and actual dimensions 2136-2137, 2147

fillet 2128

fillet root splines 2128, 2135

fillets and chamfers 2135

fit Classes 2152

flat root splines 2128, 2135

form circle 2129

form clearance 2129

form diameter 2129

formulas for 2-pin measurement 2148

inspection

types of gages 2147

inspection methods 2146

inspection with gages 2147

interchangeability 2138

internal splines 2129, 2138

lead variations 2129, 2136

length of engagement 2129

length of splines 2141

load distribution factors 2142

machining tolerance 2129, 2154

major circle 2129

major diameter 2129

major diameter fit 2133

manufacturing 2162

maximum

actual space width 2137

effective space width 2138

effective tooth thickness 2137

maximum actual tooth thickness 2137

minimum

actual space width 2137

effective space width 2137

effective tooth thickness 2138

minimum actual tooth thickness 2137

minor circle 2129

minor diameter 2129

parallelism variation 2129

pitch 2129

pitch circle 2129

pitch diameter 2129

pitch point 2129

pressure angle 2129

shear stress

at the pitch diameter of teeth 2144

under roots of external teeth 2144

side fit 2133

space width and tooth thickness limits 2137

stub pitch 2129

tooth numbers 2133

tooth proportions 2130

tooth thickness modification 2153

total index variation 2129

total tolerance 2129

types and classes of fits 2133

variation allowance 2129, 2136

wear life factors, flexible splines 2142

Iron- and copper-base sintered bearings 2243-2245

Iron castings 1328-1331

ISO Standard

drawing symbols, compared with ANSI 609

geometric dimensioning and tolerancing 606

ISO DR 911 1559

ISO DR 947 1559

ISO DR 950 1559

ISO DR 952 1559

ISO DR 987 1559

ISO Recommendation R273 1904

ISO R272 1559

ISO R288 1559

ISO R53 2043

ISO R54 2043

ISO R773 2354

ISO R861 1522

ISO TC/600 2045

ISO 261 1777

ISO 4032 1542

ISO 4033 1542

ISO 4035 1542

ISO 4156 2148

ISO 4161 1542

ISO 4762 1522

ISO 68 1755-1756, 1760

ISO 6983/1 1248

ISO 6983/2 1248

ISO 6983/3 1248

ISO 887 1549

ISO 898/I property class 8.8 1776

ISO 965 1755, 1766, 1768

ISO 965/1 1762-1764, 1767-1768

ISO/TC2/WG6/N47 1549

metric

British Standard taps 902-903

grade markings on bolts 1559-1560

hexagon bolts, screws and nuts 1555-1560

limits and fits, British Standard 657-666

thread 1825-1834

surface texture symbology 713

tapping drills for 1901-1903

washers, compared with ANSI 1549

ISO surface finish 711

ISO surface parameter symbols 715

Isosceles triangle 83

Isothermal

expansion, compression of air 396

quenching 492

Izod impact strength

carbon and alloy steels 432-433

plastics 380

J
Jacobs tapers 919

Jam nuts, standard 1493, 1499-1500

metric 1548

Japanese Industrial Standard

JIS B 1083 1482

Jarno taper 906, 917

Jig

boring 951-954

hole coordinate dimension factors for 959-970

transfer of tolerances in 952-954

bushings 941-951

definitions 941

designation system for 942, 951

locking mechanisms for 950

materials 941

plate thicknesses 941

Jigs and fixtures 941-951

definitions 951

Jobbers reamers 818

drills 829-835

Johnson, J. B., column formula 262, 266-267

Joints

plastics pipe 2510-2512

riveted 1457-1463

toggle 133

universal 2327

Jominy hardenability tests 416

Journal or sleeve bearings 2204-2219

K
Keep's hardness test 519

Kelvin, degrees 2514

Kerosene, specific gravity 371

Key and spline sizes and lengths 2140

Keying bearings 2197-2198

Keys and keyseats 2342

ANSI Standard 2342-2354

British Standard 2354-2367

chamfered keys 2347, 2353

cotters 2351, 2354

depths for milling keyseats 2342-2344, 2353

effect on shaft strength 283

estimating key sizes 2140

filleted keyseats 2347, 2353

fitting 2346

gib-head keys 2345, 2359, 2363-2367

key fitting 2346

keyseat milling cutters, Woodruff 795

keyseats, depth of 2343-2344, 2346, 2353

keyway stresses, nonmetallic gears 2121-2122

metric 2354-2360

milling cutters and arbors 794

parallel 2342-2353

plain 2345, 2363-2367

setscrews for keys 2347

size vs. shaft diameter 2342-2346, 2353-2357, 2361-2364

strength considerations for shafts 283

taper 2345-2354, 2359-2364

tolerances 2345, 2347-2349, 2353

transmission chain 2426

Woodruff 2348-2365

kibi 2533

Kilogram calorie 2514

Kilograms

into pounds 2546

per cubic meter into pounds per cubic foot 2549

per square centimeter into pounds per square inch 2548

per square meter into pounds per square foot 2548

per square meter into pounds per square inch 2548

Kilometers into miles 2541

Kilopascals into pounds per square inch 2548

Kilowatt

into horsepower 2553

power required for machining 1046

Kilowatt-hour equivalents 2551

Kinematics 113

Kinetic energy 157-159

Kinetics 113

Kingsbury thrust bearing 2218-2219, 2232-2235

Kips 1333-1334

K-Monel, machining 1118

Knee tools, speeds and feeds 1095

Knoop hardness numbers 518-519

Knuckle joints, proportions 2329

Knurls and knurling 1211-1215

ANSI 1211-1215

automatic screw machines 1094-1099

concave 1215

diametral pitch knurls 1211-1215

formulas 1213

lathe knurls 1211

revolutions required for top knurling 1094

sizes, preferred 1211

speeds and feeds 1095

straight knurls 1213-1215

tracking correction 1211

work diameter tolerances 1214-1215

Ksi 1333-1334

L
Lag screws and threads 1497-1498

metric 1525

Lame's formula for internal pressure 271

Laminated phenolic bearings 2242, 2245

Land 2000

Land, gear tooth

drill 827

Lapping

abrasives 1202

carbide tools 939-940

grading abrasives for 1200

grading diamond dust for 1201

lubricants 1202

pressures 1202

tests 1203

wet and dry 1202

Laps 1199-1203

charging laps 1200

cutting properties 1201

flat surfaces 1199

materials for 1199

rotary diamond 1200

wear 1202

Laser and electron beam surface hardening 503

Lasers 1410-1422

beam focusing 1410-1411

beams 1410

cladding 1421-1422

cutting metal with 1414-1415

cut edge roughness 1415-1416

cutting speeds 1418-1419

heat-affected zone 1416-1417

kerf widths 1415-1416

cutting nonmetals 1416-1417

drilling 1420-1422

heat treatment 1421-1422

light 1410

marking 1422

safety 1413

types of industrial 1411-1412

welding 1418-1421

joint design 1419-1420

processing gas 1420-1421

theory 1418-1419

welding rates 1419-1421

Latent heat 364

Lathe

arbors 858

centers, steel for 456

change gears 1912-1916

fixtures, balancing 171-172

screw constant 1912

types of motors for driving 2449

Law of

cosines 84

sines 84

Lead 2000

angle of cutting tools 723-730

tool inserts 1281

angle of screw thread

finding 1863-1864, 1933

tables for 1740-1749, 1784, 1799, 1807, 1815, 1872-1874

angle of screw thread tables for 1815

of helix for given angles 1943-1948

of helix known, find change gears for milling 1931-1943

of helix, change gears and angles for milling 1863-1864, 1946-1947

of milling machine 1931

of screw thread 1859-1864, 1933

Lead bath

alloys, temperatures 494

for heating steel 487

tempering 494

Lead, melting point 494

heat transmission coefficient 367

solder 1353

specific gravity 370

strength 477

tempering in 494

Lead-base alloys, die casting 1343

Leaded-bronze bearings 2238-2241

Least material condition (LMC) 612

Length

differences due to temperature 668

engagement of screw thread 1489-1491

measures 2517, 2522

of rivets for forming heads 1463

standard 2522

Length of action 2000

Letter

addresses, NC 1243

symbols for mechanics 115

Levers 132

Life adjustment factors for rolling element bearings 2296-2297

Life factor 2045

Light

duty V-belts 2390-2397

laser 1410

metals

speeds for drilling, reaming, and threading 1039

speeds for milling 1013-1014

speeds for turning 1007-1008

wave interference bands, measuring surface variations with 695-696

Limestone

cutting speed for 1045

specific gravity and weight 370

strength 478

Limit

elastic 196

endurance 197

proportional 195-196

Limits and fits

ANSI Standard preferred metric 632, 642-657

British Standard (metric ISO) for holes and shafts 658-666

cylindrical fits, ANSI Standard 627-642

definitions 632, 642, 644

gages, plain 622, 656

gages, thread 1877-1884

graphical representation 632-633

indicating on drawings 621-622

metric 632, 642-651, 657

screw thread gages 1877-1884

symbols 642-644

tolerance designation 642

Woodruff keys 2348-2349

Limits, upper and lower (UL and LL) 613

Line

conventions and drawings 606

geometry of 48

Line conventions and drawings 606

Line of action 2000

Linear

coefficient of expansion 367

ceramics 379

metals 368-371

pipe material

copper 392

FRP 392

PP & PVDF 392

PVC 392

steel 392

plastics 380

deflection of shafting 280

interpolation, NC 1253

Lines, points, circles (APT) NC 1265-1270

Liquid

baths, heating steel in 487

carburizing 417

depth to volume conversion 58-59

measure 2518, 2523

specific gravity 370-371

Liters

into cubic feet 2545

into U.S. gallons 2545

Load

rating, static, bearings 2297-2301

ratings and fatigue life, bearings 2285-2303

Load distribution 2044-2045

Lobing 694-696

Lock wire proceedure 1491

Locknut threads, pipe 1848, 1851-1852

Locknuts, ball and roller bearing 2277

shafts for 2278-2279

Lockwashers

ANSI Standard 1515-1519

ball and roller bearing 2276

British Standard, metric

plain 1565-1566

spring 1563-1565

spring type 1516-1517

tooth type 1515, 1518-1519

Logarithms 102-111

avoiding negative characteristic 104

characteristic 102

common 102, 108-109

division by 105

extracting roots by 107

mantissa 102

multiplication by 104

natural 102, 104, 110-111

obtaining powers by 106

tables 108-111

common 108-109

natural 110-111

using calculator to find 104

Long angle lathe file 1433

Low pressure casting 1337-1338

Löwenherz thread 1825

Lubricants 2311-2320

application of oils 2312-2314

bearings 2202-2205, 2318-2320

cutting 1106, 1108-1111

density 2311-2313

dynamic viscosity coefficient 2324

electric motors 2458-2459

grease 2315-2318

oil mist 2315-2316

oils 2311-2320

pressure-viscosity coefficient 2324

presswork 1302

solid films 2318

specific gravity 2312-2313

temperature vs. viscosity 2202-2203, 2312-2313

viscosity 2311-2313, 2319

Lubrication 2201-2205, 2312-2320

aerodynamic 2321

analysis, journal bearings 2207-2219

application of oils 2315-2318

ball and roller bearings 2318-2320

centralized systems 2313-2315

chain 2443

density 2311-2313

elastohydrodynamic 2321

films 2318

gravity systems 2314-2316

grease 2315-2317

motors 2458-2459

oil mist 2315-2316

oils 2315-2318

plain bearings 2201-2204

relubrication with grease 2317-2318

roller chain 2443

selection for bearings 2202-2205

solid films 2318

specific gravity 2312-2313

systems 2313-2316

viscosity 2202-2203, 2311-2320

viscosity-pressure relationship 2324

wicks and wick feeds 2314-2316

Lubrication film factor 2045

M
Machinability of wood 377-378

Machine

accuracy, effect of on part tolerances 1220

countersinks 813

elements, subjected to compressive loads 262

platens, NC ??-1285

Machine screw taps 872, 883-886

metric (ISO) 883-893

Machine screws

ANSI Standard 1568-1585

binding head 1576

British

metric 1586-1598

Unified 1595-1597

British Metric 1598

British Unified 1597

BSW and BSF 1586, 1591, 1595-1598

cheese head 1593

clearance holes, metric 1585

cross recesses 1577

fillister head 1574

flange head 1583

flat head 1569-1571, 1579

header points for 1574-1575, 1582

hexagon head 1572, 1583

hexagon washer head 1571

metric, ANSI standard 1577-1585

nuts for 1568

oval head 1574-1576, 1580

pan head 1573, 1581, 1591-1592

recommended nominal screw lengths, metric 1585

round head 1577

tap and clearance drills 1889-1903

tap drill sizes 1900

taps for 872, 883-893

truss head 1572

washerhead 1571

washers for 1512-1517, 1565-1567

Machine tool

lathe, change gears for fractional ratios 1913-1914

motor types 2456-2457

Machinery noise 1297

Machining

aluminum 1116

bearings 2199-2201

copper alloys 1119

hard rubber 1119

magnesium 1117-1118

Monel and nickel alloys 1118-1119

nonferrous metals 1116-1119

power constants 1046-1047

power factors

chisel-edge 1053

drill diameters 1055

feeds 1047, 1054

machine tool efficiency 1049

metal removal rates 1050

tool wear 1048

work materials 1053

power, estimating 1046-1054

zinc alloy die castings 1118

Machining processes

ANSI Standard tolerance grade relationships 630, 657

effect on surface roughness 702-703

Macro, NC 1257-1258

Magnesium alloys 557-560, 1343

applications 557

compositions 559

cutting fluids for 1111, 1117-1118

designations 557

die casting 1342

machining 1117-1118

properties 560

soldering of 1352-1354

strength 477, 560

Magnesium, coating 1446

Magnetic clutches 2331-2332

Malleable

cast iron 1331

iron castings 1330-1331

Iron Research Institute 1340

strength 1330-1331

Malleablizing 481

Manganese steel 411-412

Manganese, in welding electrodes 1362-1363

Manganese-bronze castings 529-530

Manila rope, strength 354, 360

Mantissa, logarithm 102

Manual data input, NC 1240

Manufacturers' standard gage for sheet steel 2501

Manufacturing cell

flexible, NC 1235

Manufacturing cell, flexible, NC

module 1235

system 1235

Marble

specific gravity and weight 370

turning 1045

Martempering 492

Martensite 484, 514

Masonry, weight per cubic foot 370

Mass 113-114, 116

Material quality 2044

Materials

mechanical properties of 195-196

Materials for worm gearing 2067

Mathematical signs and abbreviations 2

Matter 113

Maximum material condition (MMC) 613

MBEC bearing tolerances 2240

M-codes (M-words), NC 1249

Mean positional deviation 1216-1219

Mean proportional 22

Measurement of backlash 2040

Measurement over pins 687

Measurements with pins 2147

Measures and weights 2536-2553

Measuring

angles with sine-bar 673-682

compound angles 688-690

dovetail slides 682-683

gear size 2094-2112

instruments and gaging methods 669-719

radius or arc, over rolls 690

surface texture 697-705

tapers 682-686

threads

Acme 1870-1875

American standard 1866-1867

buttress 1875-1877

tapered 1872, 1875-1876

using micrometer 1859-1861

using screw thread gage 1876-1884

using three-wire method 1860-1877

Whitworth 1868

V-shaped groove, over pins 690

with light-wave interference bands 695-696

with micrometer 670-672, 1859-1861

with vernier 669-670

mebi 2533

Mechanical equivalent of heat 2514

Mechanical properties

aluminum 550, 556-557

bolts, inch sizes 1488-1489

bolts, metric sizes 1520, 1559-1560

ceramics 379

copper 565

magnesium 557-560

nickel 561-563

plastics 380

powdered metal alloys 383

spring wire 385

steel 452-454, 473, 476

strengths 473-478

titanium 561, 564

various materials 195-196

wood 375-376

Mechanics of materials 113

acceleration 151, 153-154

due to gravity, g 114

algebraic solution of force systems 118, 121-129

angular

impulse 161

momentum 161

velocity 151-154

center and radius of oscillation 151

center of gravity 136-142, 151

center of percussion 151

centrifugal force 163-166

calculating 164

couples 120-121

differential pulley 135

dynamics 113

energy 156-158

force 118-121

force of a blow 159-160

graphical solution of force systems 118-120

impulse and momentum 160-162

angular 161

inclined plane 130, 155

kinetic energy 157-159

levers 132

linear velocity 151-152

metric SI units 113, 116, 118

decimal multiples and submultiples of 2522

moment of inertia 143-146

momentum 160-162

Newton's laws 154-155

pendulums 188-189

potential energy 157-158

pound force 114

power 162-163

pulleys 134-135

radius

of gyration 146

radius of gyration 147-151

radius of oscillation 151

scalar and vector quantities 118

screw 135

SI metric units 113, 116-118

statics 113

toggle joints 133

torque 156

units 113-116

vectors 118

velocity, angular 151-152

velocity, linear 151-152

wedge 130

wheels 134

work 158-159, 162-163

work and energy relation 158-159

work and power formulas 162-163

work performed by forces and couples 158

Meehanite castings 1328-1329

Melting points

alloys of copper and zinc 1356-1357

alloys of lead and tin 1353

brazing alloys 1356-1358

metals 368-370

solder 1353

various metals 368-370

Mercury inches of, and equivalent pressure 388

Metal

alumimium alloys 368-369

balls, standard 2302-2310

bonded grinding wheels 937-938, 1140

bonding 2460-2463

cast iron and steel 368-369

coloring 1440-1443

copper-base alloy 368-369

foundry patterns 1340

identification 521

inert gas (MIG) welding 1362-1371

manganese bronge 368-369

melting points 368-369

nickel 368-369

numbering systems for 403, 405

plasma welding 1387-1390

properties of 473-478

slitting saws 776

specific gravity and properties 368-370

spraying process 1351

stainless steel 368-369

temperature effect on strength 475, 478

titanium alloy 368-369

Metal working

application 1113

fluid selection 1113

use 1113

Metal working Fluids

classes 1112

occupational exposure 1112-1115

Metallurgy, powder 1350

Meters into feet 2541

Metric

basic sizes, British Standard preferred 667

bolts and screws, British Standard clearance holes for 1903-1904

conversion factors 2525-2531, 2533

tables 2525-2553

dimensions on drawings 708, 710

dowel pins, British Standard 1648-1650

equivalents 2525-2553

fasteners, ANSI 1520-1527, 1529, 1532-1534, 1541, 1544-1549

inch vernier, dual 670-671

International System of Units (SI) 2520-2524

ISO limits and fits, British Standard 657-666

keys and keyways, British Standard 2354-2360

micrometer, reading 671-672

module, gear cutter 2021

gear teeth 2090-2093

series British ISO

hexagon bolts, nuts, and screws 1555-1560

machine screws and nuts 1586-1595

metal washers 1565-1566

socket screws 1613-1618

spring washers 1563-1565

taps 902-903

SI system in mechanics, calculations 113, 116-118

SI units, factors and prefixes 2522

sizes, preferred for flat metal products 2503

systems of measurement 2520-2523

threads

British (ISO) 1825-1834

SI 1825

twist drills

ANSI 827-846

British Standard 856

vernier, reading 670

washers, plain, ANSI 1547, 1549

Metric (SI) System 116

Metric module gear cutters 2021

Metric system 113-114

base units 116

in strength of materials calculations 195

use of 116

Microinch 2517

into micrometers (microns) 2539-2540

Micrometer

into microinches 2539-2540

reading 670-672

screw thread 1859

Microprocessor 1229-1230

Microscope screw thread 1846

Mil 2517

MIL-A-8625F 1444, 1448

MIL-C-13924C 1444

MIL-C-14538C 1444

MIL-C-14550B 1445

MIL-C-5541E 1445

MIL-C-8837B 1451

Miles into kilometers 2541

MIL-F-495E 1445

MIL-G-45204C 1447

Military plating specifications 1444-1451

Mill or saw files 1431

Millimeters

hundreds of, into inches 2533

into feet 2538

into inches 2533, 2536

thousandths of an inch, into 2534-2535

Milling

angular 777, 783

cam 2186-2188

change gears for helical or spiral 1931-1948

contour 1994

feeds for

cemented carbide cutters 1013-1022

high-speed steel cutters 1023

in inches per tooth for cemented carbide cutters 1013-1022

helical, change gears for different leads 1931-1948

horsepower for 1044-1051

short lead 1931

speeds and feeds 1009-1012

automatic screw machine 1095

copper alloys 1006, 1024

ferrous cast metals 1021-1022

light metals 1013-1014

metal slitting (saws) 776, 1012

plain carbon and alloy steels 1014

stainless steels 1019-1020

superalloys 1008-1009

titanium and titanium alloys 1007

tool steels 1018-1019

thread 1928-1930

Milling cutters 771-806

ANSI Standard 772-795

arbor keys and keyways 794

arbor type 790

bevel gear 792, 2058-2061

casting 1346

classification of 772-773

concave and convex 790

corner rounding 775, 790

double angle 777

eccentric type radial relief 801

elements of 776-779

end mills 779-789

gear 791-792

grinding or sharpening 798-806

hand of

cut 772

cutter 773

flute helix 774

rotation 772

helical gear 2077-2078

hollow 1095

indicator drop methods of checking relief and rake angles 801-805

keys and keyways for 794

keyseat 795

metal slitting (saws) 776

number of teeth 771-772

plain 773

rake angles 800-801

roller chain sprocket 792-793

selection of 771

setting angles for milling teeth in 796-799

shell mills 778

side 774

single angle 777, 783

spline shaft 799

spur gear 791, 2021

steels for 452-456

terminology 776-779

T-slot 775

Woodruff keyseats 795

Milling machine

Brown & Sharpe 1979

centering plugs 923

Cincinnati 1986-1989

cutters for 14.5-deg. pressure angle gears 791-792

draw-in bolt ends 923

indexing 1947-1993

lead of 1931

platens ??-1285

spindle noses 920-921, 924

tapers for 920, 1929-1930

tool shanks 922

V-flange, NC 1284-1285

MIL-L-46010D 1448

MIL-M-3171C 1446

MIL-M-45202C 1446

MIL-P-45209B 1449

MIL-P-81728AT 1446

MIL-R-27426 1674, 1676, 1678, 1680

MIL-R-46085B 1450

MIL-T-10727C 1451

Miner's law of linear damage 198

Miniature screw threads 1781-1785

Minutes into decimals of a degree 90, 92

Miscellaneous functions (M-words), NC 1249

Module 2000

flexible manufacturing, NC 1235

splines, metric 2148-2155

system of gear teeth 2090-2093

Modulus

polar moment 278

polar section 278

Modulus of

elasticity

for various materials 196

perforated metal 235

shear 196

elasticity, E (Young's) 196, 326-329

for various materials 196

iron and steel 476

nickel-based alloy 289-290

nonferrous metals 477

plastics 380

flexural 380

rupture 375-376

wood 375

shear (G) 196

for various materials 196

in plastics 573-575

in spring design 329

spring materials 326-329

Modulus section

polar 277

Mohs hardness scale 521, 524

Molding

green sand 1336-1337

shell 1336-1337

Molds, steels for permanent 468-469

Molybdenum

high-speed steels 510-512

heat treatment of 510-512

tool steels 457-458, 460, 462, 464

steels, SAE 409

Moment of a force 113, 120

Moments of inertia 143-146

angles, steel 2495-2497

built-up sections 217

channels, aluminum 2498

channels, steel 2494

cross-sections 217-227

formulas for various sections 217-227

I or S shapes, steel 2493

I-beams, aluminum 2498

I-beams, steel 2489-2493

of complex areas 146

pipe 2339-2341

plane areas 143

polar 143-146, 229, 277-278

cone 144

cone, frustum 144

cylinder 144

cylinder, hollow 144

ellipsoid 145

paraboloid 145

prism 144

pyramid 144

solid ring 145

sphere 145

spherical sector 145

spherical segment 145

torus 145

rectangles 228

round shafts, table for 229-234

structural channels 2494, 2498

wide flange, steel 2489-2492

Moments of Inertia, Section Moduli and Radius of Gyration 218

Momentum 160-162

Monel metals, machining 1118

properties 562-563

Monotron for hardness testing 518-519

Morse

reamers for sockets 824

stub taper shanks 907-908

tapers 906-917

twist drill gage 2499

Mortising wood 378

Motion

accelerated 153-156

constant acceleration 152

constant velocity 151

force and work 154-155, 158

general formulas 151-153

linear motion, constant acceleration 152

rotary motion, constant acceleration 153

Newton

first law 154

second law 154-155

third law 155

on inclined plane 130, 155

rotary, formulas 153

uniformly accelerated 151

Motion control

analog transducers 2475

closed-loop systems 2468-2470

control function 2471

features of controllers 2470

control motors 2472-2474

feedback transducers 2474

hydraulic systems

control systems 2476-2480

electronic controls 2480

proportional control 2479

pumps and fluids 2475-2476

mechanical stiffness and vibration 2471

open loop systems 2467-2469

pneumatic systems 2476-2477, 2481

synchros and resolvers 2475

system application factors 2467

Motors, electric 2445-2459, 2472-2474

adjustable-voltage, shunt-wound 2449

alternating current 2449-2452

characteristics 2448-2457

classes of standards 2445

compound-wound 2449

control 2472-2474

current definitions 2445-2448

DC 2448-2449

brushless, NC 2471-2473

brush-type, NC 2472-2473

design letters 2445

direction of rotation 2447

factors governing selection 2453-2455

frame sizes, standard 2445

high frequency induction 2451

hydraulic, NC 2475-2476

injurious operating conditions 2455

inspection schedule 2458-2459

locked rotor current and torque ratings 2445-2446

lubrication, proper 2458-2459

maintaining and repairing 2458-2459

mounting dimensions, standard 2445

multiple speed induction 2451

NEMA 2445-2447

standards for 2445

polyphase 2445-2450

polyphase wound-rotor 2446

pull-up torque 2446

rotation, standard direction 2447-2448

selection 2453-2455

shunt-wound 2448-2449

single-phase motors 2451-2452

speed reducer type 2452-2453

squirrel-cage induction 2445-2449

standards for 2445-2446

stepper, NC 2471-2473

synchronous 2451

torque definitions 2445-2448

type, dc and ac 2448-2453, 2472

types and characteristics for different applications 2456-2457, 2472

used for motion control 2472-2473

variable speed 2447-2448

wound rotor induction 2451

Mounted wheels and mounted points 1204-1206

Mounting bearings 2271-2284

MS 16624 1682

MS 16632 1685

MS 16633 1686

MS 3215 1687

Multiple or block indexing 1990-1991

Multiplying numbers written in powers-of-ten notation 18-19

Muriatic acid, specific gravity 371

Music wire, gages 2499-2500

spring material 286, 385

M-words, NC 1249

N
Nails and spikes, standard 1455

Narrow V-belts 2373-2379

National Fire Protection Association

NFPA No. 194 1843

NFPA 1963 1844-1845

National Tube Co. 274

Nautical measure 2517

NC programming 1240-1284

Needle roller bearings

designations of 2267

fitting and mounting practice 2269

roller and cage assemblies 2269

shaft and housing tolerances 2270-2271

tolerances 2261-2264

types of 2253-2254

Negative and positive numbers 16

Negative functions of angles 93

NEMA standards for electric motors 2445-2447

Newton's laws of motion 154-155

Newton's second law 117

Newton-meters into pound-inches 2550

Newton-Raphson method 35

Newtons into pounds force 2550

Nickel

alloys 561-563

machining 1118-1119

chromium steels, SAE strength 476

melting point 368-370

plating 1447-1448

Nickel steels 411-412

Nickel-chromium steels, SAE 413

Nitinol, machining 1118

Nitralloy steels 498

Nitric acid, specific gravity 371

Nitriding 417, 498

high-speed steel tools 512-513

ion nitriding 498

Nitrogen, liquid temperature 623

Nodular cast iron 1332

Noise, machinery 1297

Nomenclature

bevel gears 2054

gear teeth 2002

spur gears 2003

Nominal clearance 2129

Nominal vs effective interest rates 25

Nondestructive testing symbols 1408-1409

Nonferrous alloys 525-566

machining 1116-1119

strength 473, 477-478, 525-564

Nonmetals, strength of 478

Normal

distribution curve 1216-1219

positional deviation 1216-1219

Normal lane 2000

Normal plane 2000

Normalizing 414-415, 481, 495-496, 503-505

temperatures 504-505

Norton Company 1142, 1150-1156

Nozzles, flow of water through 390

Number of nails and spikes in a pound 1455

Number of teeth 2000

Numbering systems

for metals and alloys 403, 405

for steel 405, 409-410, 413

Numbers

positive and negative 16

powers-of-ten notation 17, 19

preferred series 19, 632, 642, 667

progressions 43-45

Numerical control 1225-1297

absolute programming 1248

accuracy, repeatability, and resolution 1216-1219

adaptive control 1233

addresses, letter 1243

APT programming 1263, 1274-1280

circles 1269-1270, 1272

computational statements 1265

example program 1277

for turning 1279-1280

geometry statements 1265

lines 1267

motion statements 1270-1275

planes 1273

points 1266

postprocessor statements 1275-1280

tabulated cylinder 1274

automatically programmed tool (APT) 1263-1280

axis nomenclature 1235-1239

bit 1229

block 1243-1245

byte 1229

CAD/CAM 1287, 1296-1297

central processing unit 1229

circular interpolation 1254-1255

closed-loop system 1233

computer-aided part programming 1241

control, adaptive 1233

cutter compensation 1251-1253, 1281-1284

cutter location data 1242

decimal point programming 1243

direct (or distributed) NC 1296

drive motors 2472-2473

feed rate override 1251

fixed (canned) cycles 1258-1262

flexible manufacturing

cell 1235

module 1235

system 1234

format detail 1243

F-word 1250

G-code addresses 1245-1249

helical interpolation 1255

incremental programming 1248

initial graphics exchange specification (IGES) 1294-1296

insert holders for NC 732-738, 1281-1284

insert radius compensation 1281-1284

interpolation

circular 1254-1255

helical and parabolic 1255

linear 1253

letter addresses 1243-1245

linear interpolation 1253

machine platens ??-1285

macro 1257-1258

manual data input 1240

microprocessor 1229-1230

miscellaneous functions, (M-Words) 1249

open-loop system 1233

parabolic interpolation 1255

parametric

expressions and macros, NC 1257-1258

programming, NC 1257-1258

subroutine 1257-1258

part programming 1240-1243

part tolerance symbols

ANSI 1221

compared to ISO 609

points, lines, circles (APT) 1266-1270

postprocessor 1243, 1265

preload registers (G92) 1249

preparatory word 1245-1249

programmable controllers 1229-1233

programming

absolute 1248

incremental 1248

NC 1240-1284

repeatability, accuracy, and resolution 1216-1219

sequence number 1245

standards 1226

subroutine 1256-1258

S-word 1251

thread cutting 1262, 1908-1909

tool

compensation 1281-1284

data table 1251

length offset 1253

nose radius compensation 1253, 1281-1284

offset 1252

total indicator reading 1238

turning cycles 1262

T-word 1251-1253

V-flange tool shanks 1285

word address format 1243-1245

zero suppression 1245

Nut taps 872, 884, 890-891

Nuts

acorn 1503

ANSI, inch dimensions

flat jam 1500

hex 1493-1494, 1499

hex flat 1500

hex high 1504

hex slotted 1500-1502

hex slotted high 1504

hex thick slotted 1501-1502

jam 1499

machine screw 1568

square 1493-1494, 1502

T-type 1647

types of 1495

Unified 1492-1496, 1499-1502

ANSI, metric dimensions

heavy hex 1548

hex flange 1545

hex jam 1548

hex, styles 2 and 3 1543

prevailing torque, hex 1546

prevailing torque, hex flange 1547

slotted hex 1544

British Standard

Fine 1551-1554, 1586, 1598

ISO metric 1555-1561

metric 1586, 1589, 1591, 1595-1596

Unified 1595-1597

Whitworth 1551-1554, 1595-1598, 1619

crown, low and high (SAE) 1503

eye nuts 359

high, SAE 1504

slotted, high hex (SAE) 1504

wing nuts 1693-1696

wrench clearances 1510-1511

wrench openings 1510-1511

Nylon

bearings 2242

machining 597-599

properties 380, 579, 582-583, 588, 601

rope, strength of 353

O
Oblique-angle triangles

solution 88-89

Octagon area 62

Octoid gear teeth 2053

Offhand grinding 1192

Offset method of determining yield strength 196

Ohm's law 2532

Oil feeding and grooving of bearings 2204-2205

Oil impregnated bearings 2242-2245

Oilless bearings 2242, 2245

Oils

and compounds, machining 1106, 1108-1119

emulsifying or soluble 1107

mineral 1109-1110

sulfurized and chlorinated 1109-1110

coating 1448

lubricating 2311-2314, 2319

viscosity unit conversion 2201-2202, 2312-2313

tempering 493

Open-end wrench clearances 1511

Open-loop system 1233, 2467-2469

Operations on complex numbers 39

Orbit 1320

Order of performing arithmetic 21

O-ring 2482-2486

groove dimensions and clearances 2483-2485

ring materials 2486-2487

squeeze 2482-2483

surface finish in contact with 2484-2485

Oscillation, center and radius of 151

Ounces, avoirdupois, into grams 2546

Out of roundness 694-696

Oval head machine screws 1574-1576

Oxygen

gas in welding 1364-1367, 1428-1429

specific gravity 371

P
Pack

carburizing 417

hardening 498

Packing

in circles 72-75

in circles and rectangles 72-77

in rectangles 77

Palladium, plating 1449

Pan head machine screws 1573

Paper, bonding 2462-2463

Pappus or Guldinus rules 56

Parabola

area 64-65

center of gravity 139

constructing 55

segment of area 65

Parabolic interpolation, NC 1255

Paraboloid

center of gravity 141

polar moment of inertia 145

radius of gyration 150

segment volume 71

volume 70

Parallelepiped 149

Parallelogram

area 60

center of gravity 136

geometry of 48

of forces 119

radius of gyration 148

Parametric subroutine, NC 1257-1258

Passivation of copper 1441-1442

Patenting process in wire making 481

Patterns for castings 1339-1340

materials 1339-1340

metal 1340

shrinkage allowances 1339-1340

varnish 1339-1340

weight of casting from 1340

wood 1339-1340

PD 6481 667

Pearlite 483-484

Pearlitic malleable iron 1330-1331

pebi 2533

PEEK plastics 380

Pendulum 188-189

calculations 189

conical 188-189

formulas for 189

physical 188-189

simple and compound 188-189

torsional 188-189

types of 188

Percentage 23-24

Percussion, center of 151

Perforated metals, strength and stiffness of 235

Permanickel, machining 1118

PET plastics 380

Petroleum, specific gravity 371

Phenolic plastics 2242

Phosphate coating 1449-1450

Phosphor-bronze

wire strength 477

worm gearing 2117

Phosphorus

specific gravity and weight 370

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) 750

Piano wire, working stresses 293-295

at elevated temperatures 295-297

Piles, weight of 373

Pillow block bearings 2254

Pilot hole for wood screws 1456

Pin method for checking

gear sizes 2094-2108, 2111-2112

allowance for backlash 2103

for involute splines 2147

wire diameters 2094, 2103

screw threads 1860-1877

V-shaped grooves 690

Pinion, spur gear

checking by measurement over wires 2111-2112

enlarged to avoid undercut 2019-2028

Pins

clevis 1648

cotter 1648, 1659, 1662

dowel 1648-1654

grooved 1656, 1658-1662

metric dowel 1648-1650

spring 1663-1664

straight 1653-1655

strength of taper 215-216

taper 1655-1658

Pintle chains 2421

Pipe and pipe fittings 2504-2512

ANSI Standard wrought steel 2507-2508

British threads 1857-1858

columns 264-265

cross-sectional area of metal 2507-2508

cubic contents for given length 392, 2507-2508

definitions 2504, 2510-2511

Dryseal 1852-1855

measuring by wire method 1872, 1875-1876

straight 1848, 1851-1852

taper 1846-1850

threads 1852-1855

flow in 2509

gallons per foot 392, 2507-2508

grades of 2505-2508

heat loss from uncovered steam 365

length per cubic foot 2507-2508

loads, table of 264-265

moment of inertia 2507-2508

plastics 2510-2512

radius of gyration 2507-2508

reamers, taper 825

schedule numbers 2505

sealing joints 1458-1459

section modulus 2507-2508

steel, welded and seamless 2505

taps, dimensions 879-882, 894

Briggs and Whitworth 1907-1908

British Standard 1901-1903

Internal Dryseal 1855

internal dryseal 1855

power for driving 1907-1908

straight 872, 879-896

taper 872, 879-881

threads

American National Standard 1846-1855

British Standard 1856-1858

weight per foot 2505-2508

wrought steel 2504-2505

Pipe welding 1402

procedure 1405

Pitch 2000

broach teeth 926-929

circle 2000

circular, of gears 2002-2004

diameter 2000

diameters, gears

bevel 2054-2057

circular pitch 2022

helical 1932, 2068

pin method of checking 2094-2108, 2111-2112

spur 2004, 2022

worms 2065

diameters, roller chain sprockets 2427-2428

diameters, thread

(see also type of thread)

lead angle at 1932

Unified 1716-1749

checking 1859-1877

for tensile stress area 1482

lead angle at 1932

metric, M profile 1766-1775

wire sizes for measuring 1861-1862

gear 2004

plane 2000

point 2001

rivets 1457, 1461-1462

screw threads, measuring 1859

worms 2064

Plain bearings 2193-2210, 2214, 2220-2232, 2237-2244

allowable pressures 2209

boundary lubrication mode 2195-2196

circumferential-groove 2193

classes of 2193

clearances 2209

cylindrical-overshot 2193-2195

cylindrical-undershot 2193-2195

design 2195, 2206-2218, 2220-2234

displaced elliptical 2193-2195

elliptical-overshot 2193-2195

full film operational mode 2197

grooving and oil feeding of 2204-2205

hardness and surface finish 2199-2200

heat radiating capacity 2204-2205

hydrostatic 2195-2196

journal or sleeve 2193-2196, 2205-2219

length-to-diameter ratio 2209

lubricants 2202-2205

lubrication analysis 2207-2219

lubrication methods 2201-2203

machining 2199-2201

materials 2236-2245

mixed-film lubrication mode 2197

modes of operation 2195-2197

multiple-groove 2193-2195

nutcracker 2195-2196

oil grooves 2204-2209

operating temperatures 2210-2219

pivot-shoe 2193-2195

pressure 2193-2195

retaining methods 2197-2199

sealing methods 2198-2200

sleeve or journal 2193-2196, 2205-2219

surface finish and hardness 2199-2200

three-lobe 2193-2195

thrust, design 2218-2235

types 2193-2196

viscosity conversion table 2201-2202, 2312-2313

viscosity temperature chart 2202-2203

Plain milling cutters 773

Plain washers

inch 1512-1519

metric 1549

Plane figures, areas and dimensions 60-65

Plane of rotation 2001

Planetary gearing 2083-2087

compound drives 2087

Planetary thread milling 1929-1930

Planing

estimating cutting speeds 1044

power required 1046-1050

speeds and feeds 1044

time 1044

tool grinding 729-730

wood 378

Plaster of Paris, weight 370

Plastic region 196

Plastics 567, 582-604

assembly with fasteners 595-597

bonding 591, 2460-2466

chemical resistance of 583

definitions 568-571

design

for assembly 591-595

for injection molding 586-591

developing prototypes 599-600

draft angles and depth of draw 590

drilling speeds and feeds 598-599

effects of temperature 578-581

elastomers 567-570

electrical properties 581-582

environmental effects 581-584

finishing 600

gearing 601-604

accuracy 603-604

backlash 603-604

service factors 603

tooth form factors 602

machining 597-600

materials 567-570

machining 600

mechanical properties 570-579

effect of temperature on 578-581

related to time 576-577

mixtures 567-570

modulus, E 576

modulus, G 573-575

opacity 569

physical properties 571

density 568-569

opacity 569-570

shrinkage 568-569

water absorption 568-569

pipe and fittings 2510-2511

sawing, speeds and numbers of teeth 599

structural analysis 582, 584

structures 567-570

thermal properties 578-579

thermal stresses 585-586

thermoplastic 567-570

thermosetting 567-570

Vicat softening point, plastics 578-579

wall thicknesses 587-588

Plastics bearings

anti-friction 2254

laminated, plain bearings 2242, 2245

sleeve 2242, 2245

Plastics pipe 2510-2512

joining 2510-2511

pressure ratings 2512

properties and use of 2511

weights and dimensions 2510

Platens, machine, NC ??-1285

Plates

flat, strength and deflection of 268-270

shells and cylinders, strength of 268-274

Plating 1444-1451

chromium 1427

Plating, chromium 1427

PLC (programmable logic control) 1229-1233

Plow steel haulage rope, strength of 336-341, 352-354

Points, lines, circles, (APT) NC 1265-1270

Poise 2201-2202, 2312-2313, 2319

Poisson's ratio 268

for various materials 270

Poisson's ratio 196, 268

for various materials 196

of various material 384

perforated metal 235

plastics 573-574

Polar

coordinates 36

Polar moment of inertia 143-146, 229, 277-278

cone 144

cone,frustum 144

cylinder 144

cylinder, hollow 144

ellipsoid 145

masses 143

paraboloid 145

plane areas 143

prism 144

pyramid 144

solid ring 145

sphere 145

spherical sector 145

spherical segment 145

torus 145

Polar moments of inertia 144

Polar section modulus 229, 277-278

Polishers, spindles for portable 1209

Polishing and buffing 1439-1440

abrasives 1439

speeds 1440

wheels for 1439-1440

Polycarbonate plastics 380, 579, 588, 598, 601

Polygon

area 62, 78

formulas and table 78

length of side 78

of forces 119

radius of circumscribed circle 78

radius of inscribed circle 78

shafts 2160-2161

Polygon-type shaft

connections 2160

dimensions of 2161

three- and four-sided designs 2161

Polyphase motors 2445-2450

Polypropylene plastics 380, 579, 588, 598, 2511

Polysulphone plastics 579, 588, 598

Polyurethane plastics 380, 579, 588, 598, 601, 2486

Porosity, pressure die castings 1341

Porous bearings 2241-2245

Portable grinding 1192

safety 1172

Portable tools

hexagonal chucks for 1210

hexagonal shanks for 1210

spindles and drives for 1207-1210

Positional deviation, mean 1216-1219

Positional tolerances 611

Positioning accuracy 1216-1219

Positive and negative numbers 16

Positive clutches 2333

Positive functions of angles 93

Postprocessor, NC 1243, 1265

Potential energy 157-158

Pound force 114

Pound-inches into newton-meters 2550

Pounds

force 114, 116

force into newtons 2550

mass 116

per cubic foot into kilograms per cubic meter 2549

per cubic inch into grams per cubic centimeter 2549

per square foot into kilograms per square meter 2548

per square inch into kilograms per square centimeter 2548

per square inch into kilopascals 2548

Powder metallurgy 1350

Powdered metal bearings 2242-2245

Power

brush finishing 1435-1438

constant for machining 1052

for driving pipe taps 1907-1908

general formulas 162

heat equivalents 2551

in mechanics 113

required for machining 1046-1055

Power and roots of numbers 17

Power of ten notation 17, 19

expressing numbers in 18

Power transmission

belting 2368-2369, 2372-2417

chain 2431-2435, 2442

friction wheels 2339-2341

wire rope 336-344

Precipitation

hardening 480

heat-treatment 546

Precision

bolts and screws, British 1552-1553, 1559

gage blocks 717-719

investment casting 1344-1346

Precision gage blocks 717

Preferred 646

basic sizes, ANSI Standard 628-644

fits, ANSI Standard 646-647

hole basis metric fits, ANSI Standard 651

metric sizes

ANSI Standard 642-644

British Standard 667

numbers 19

British Standard 667

series for tolerances and allowances 630

series of basic sizes 628

shaft basis metric fits, ANSI Standard 646, 652-655

thicknesses for flat metal products, metric 2503

thicknesses for uncoated metals and alloys 2501

Preferred roughness average values (Ra) 708

Preferred roughness values and roughness grades 716

Preferred series maximum waviness height values 708

Preload registers, (G-114 word) NC 1249

Preparatory word, (G-word) NC 1245-1249

Present

value and discount 26

worth 27, 30-31

method 29-30

Press work 1301-1311

Presses power, shut height 1302-1304

Pressure 117

and flow of water 386-392

comparison of various unit of 388

head in feet of water 387

head in foot to psia relation 386

head of mercury in mm 387

pascal 387

psia 387

to Head in feet relation 386

unit conversion 388, 2519, 2548-2550

Pressure angle 2001

cams 2171-2173, 2176-2178

Pressure effect on wood property 376

Pressure for composite checking of fine-pitch gears 2042

Pressure-viscosity coefficient for lubricants 2324

Prime numbers and factors 3-12

Principle reference planes 2001

Prism

polar moment of inertia 144

rectangular 149

volume 66

volume formula 56

Prismoidal formula for volume 56

Profile checking, gearing 2030-2031

Programmable logic controller, NC 1229-1233

Programming

absolute, NC 1248

APT 1263-1280

G-code 1243-1263

incremental, NC 1248

numerical control 1240-1280

Progression

arithmetical 43-44

geometrical 43, 45

Projected tolerance zone 611

Prony brake dynamometer 2339-2341

Properties 464

mechanical 195-196, 430-436, 439-441, 476-478

compressive 196

fatigue 197

perforated metal 235

shear 197

strength 385, 430-436, 439, 441, 476-478, 550-555

effect of heat or temperature on 475-478

thermal 364, 367-370, 478

of materials 473-478

Air 393

air 393-394

aluminum alloys 542-557

ceramics 379

copper alloys 525-542

copper-silicon and copper-beryllium alloys 565-566

copper-zinc-tin alloys 478

magnesium alloys 557-560

metals 473, 475-478

nickel alloys 561-563

nonferrous alloys 477, 525-566

pipes 392

plastics 380

powdered metal alloys 383

specific gravity 370-371

spring wire 385

standard steels 403, 413, 420-428, 430-443

titanium alloys 561, 564

tool steels 444-458, 460, 462, 464-471

water 386-388

wood 375-377

strength

effect of heat or temperature on 578-581

Proportion 21-23

compound 21-22

inverse 23

Proportional limit 195

plastics 583

Prospective rate of return method 30-31

Protractor, reading vernier scale on 669

Providing backlash 2039

PTFE plastics 380, 598, 2242, 2465-2466

Public Law 101-592 1492

Pulley flywheel 173

Pulley taps 884, 890-891

Pulleys

center distances, V-belt 2372-2419

diameter of V-belt 2374-2420

Pulleys (sheaves)

differential 135

flat belt 2369

rules for calculating diameters and speeds 2370-2371

speeds, rpm into feet per minute 985-990, 1908-1909

Pulleys and belt drives 134-135, 2368-2371, 2373-2419

flat belt 2368-2371

lengths of open and crossed belts 2369, 2371

Pulleys and wheels in mechanics 134-135

Pulleys, V-belt 2372-2419

Pull-up torque 2446

Punch presses speeds and pressures 1302-1304

Punches and dies 1301-1306

pressures required 1302-1304

steel for 452-456

steel for hot-working 452-456

Punches, steels for 452-456

PVC plastics 380, 598, 601, 2511

PVDF plastics 380

Pyramid

center of gravity 140

frustum center of gravity 140

frustum of volume 67

polar moment of inertia 144

volume 66

Q
QQ-C-320B 1445

QQ-N-290A 1448

QQ-P-35C 1449

QQ-P-416F 1444

QQ-S-365D 1450

Quadrant 93

Quadratic equations 33

Quartz, specific gravity and weight 370

Quenching 414

baths 414, 491-492

media 415-416

tanks for 490

interrupted 490-492

isothermal 492

media 416

R
Rack 2001

gear 2005

milling, indexing 1993

spline, metric 2155

Radian per second conversion from rpm 187

Radians equivalent to degrees 90, 92

Radius

of arc, checking 690-692

of curvature 2178-2184

of gyration 146-151

angles, steel 2495-2497

bar, small diameter 147

channels, aluminum 2498

channels, steel 2494

circular disk, thin 147

circular ring, thin flat 148

cone 149

cone, frustum 150

cylinder 148

cylinder, hollow 149

ellipsoid 150

flat plate, thin 148

hollow cylinder, thin 148

hollow sphere 150

I-beams 2489-2492

I-beams, aluminum 2498

paraboloid 150

parallelepiped 149

parallelogram 148

pipe 2507-2508

prism, rectangular 149

ring 147

S- or W-shape, steel 2493

sphere 150

sphere, hollow 150

spherical shell, thin 150

structural angles 2495-2497

thin flat plate 148

thin spherical shell 150

wide flange, steel 2489-2492

of oscillation 151

radius

of gyration 150

Radius of gyration

various cross-sections 217-227

radius of gyration 148-150

Rails

size to carry given load 259

strength of 259

Rake angles

checking milling cutter 801-805

turning tool 723, 726-728

Rankine's formulas for columns 261, 263

Rankine, degrees 2514

Rasps 1432-1433

Ratchet gearing 2088-2089

Rate of return (interest) 24-27, 30-31

prospective 27, 30-31

Rating life, bearings 2286-2296

Ratio 21-23

and proportion 21-23

compound 21

contact, in gearing 2024-2029

epicyclic gearing 2083-2087

fractional, change gears for 1913-1914

gear

for differential indexing 1976-1978

geometrical 43, 45

inverse or reciprocal 21

of volumes 71

Poisson's 196

slenderness, columns 261

V-belt drives 2372-2419

Ream, paper 2519

Reamer arbors, driving slots and lugs for shell 823

Reamers 807-826

ANSI Standard 813-826

arbors for shell 823

Brown & Sharpe taper socket 825

center and countersink 813

centers for 813

chucking 815, 820-822

die-maker's 826

difficulties with 812

drills for taper pin 1656-1658

driving slots and lugs for shell 823

expansion chucking 814

expansion hand 817

finishing 824

fluting cutters for 808-810

fluting to obtain negative rake 807

hand 816-817

jobbers 818

machine 819-820

Morse taper socket 824

pipe 825

rose chucking 808, 821-822

shell 822

steels for 452-456

stub screw machine 819-820

taper pin 826

taper pin reamers, drills for 1655-1658

taper pipe 825

taper, milling teeth 796

teeth, irregular spacing 807-808

terms applying to 814-815

threaded end, hand 807-808

tooth-rest position for grinding clearance 811

Reaming

cutting speeds for

copper alloys 1041

ferrous cast metals 1037-1038

light metals 1039

stainless steels 1036

tool steels 1035

difficulties 812

feeds and speeds on automatic screw machines 1095

taper pin 1657

Rearrangement and transposition of terms in formulas 20-21

Recalescence point in steel hardening 479, 485

Recesses, square and cross-shaped, for machine screws 1577

for self-tapping screws 1623

Recessing tools, speeds 1095

Reciprocal or inverse ratio 21

Reciprocals of numbers 17

Rectangle

area 60

table of section moduli 229

Rectangular and spherical coordinates, relationship 37

Rectangular coordinates 36

Rectangular to cylindrical coordinates 38

Refrigeration of steel 514-517

Relative density 370

Relief and rake angles

for single-point cutting tools 726

for single-point thread cutting tools 1910-1911

indicator drop method of checking 801-805

Repeatability, accuracy, and resolution 1216

Replacement-gear dimensions, calculating 2122-2125

Resinoid bonded wheels 937-938, 1140

thread grinding 1923

Resolution of force systems 121

Resultant 154

Retaining rings

ANSI Standard

metric 1666-1673

failure of 1683-1690

groove design and machining 1687-1688

inch 1674-1689

selection 1665, 1669, 1678, 1683-1687

standards 1689-1692

Retarded motion motion 151

Retention knobs, V-flange tool shanks 1284-1285

Reyn 2201-2202, 2312-2313

Rhodium plating 1450

Right-angle triangles

solution 86-87

Rigidity

modulus of (shear) 196

spring materials 326-329

Ring

area and volume 56

radius of gyration 147

stresses in loaded 215

Rivet

ANSI Standard 1464, 1468-1470

belt 1469

British Standard 1464, 1471-1474

button head 1465, 1470

cone head 1465

cooper's 1468

countersunk 1463, 1466, 1468-1472

diameters for given plate thicknesses 1457

excess length to form head 1463

flat head 1470

hold-on or dolly bar sets 1467

large rivets, standard 1464-1466

material 1458

pan head 1465, 1470

pitch 1457, 1461-1462

sets, dimensions of impressions in 1467

shearing strength 1461-1462

small rivets, standard 1464, 1468-1470

spacing 1457

steel 1458

strength 1459

tinner's 1469

truss 1468

types of 1457

Riveted joints 1457-1463

allowable stresses 1459

design of 1457-1463

double and triple 1301, 1461

efficiency 1459-1460

holes for 1457

joint failure 1458-1459

joint strength 1459-1460

rivet length for forming heads 1463

rivet materials 1458

types of riveted joints 1457

working strength 1459

RMS (root mean square) 702

Rockwell hardness

relationship to Brinell 521, 524

test 517-524

Rockwell-Brinell hardness conversion tables 520-524

Rod gages 2499

Roebling wire gage 2499-2500

Roll angle 2001

Rolled threads, electric socket and lamp base 1846

Roller bearings 2246-2302

ABEC and RBEC tolerances 2267

alignment and squareness 2273-2274

allowance for axial displacement 2264

barrel type 2253

bearing closures 2280

cage materials 2254-2255

clamping and retaining methods 2275

clearances, running 2283-2284

closures 2280

cylindrical type 2249-2253

design and installation considerations 2264

designation of 2267

failures 2285

fits 2275, 2280

flanged housing 2254

friction losses in 2280

handling precautions 2284

housing bore tolerances 2267-2268

housings, soft metal and resilient 2274-2275

life 2285

life adjustment factors 2296

limitations for 2291

location and seating 2271-2280

locknuts and shafts 2277-2279

lockwashers 2276

lubricants 2318-2320

lubrication 2282

materials for 2254

method of designation 2266-2267

mounting 2271-2284

needle type 2253-2254, 2269-2271

pillow block 2254

plastics 2254

quiet or vibration-free mountings 2274-2275

radial and axial clearance 2283-2284

rating life of radial 2291-2296

seating fits for 2274-2275

selection 2282-2283

self-aligning 2250-2251

shaft and housing fits for 2275, 2280

metric radial 2264-2266

special or unconventional types of 2254

spherical type 2253

squareness and alignment 2273-2274

static equivalent load 2301-2302

static load rating of 2300-2301

tapered 2252-2254

tapered roller thrust type 2252-2254

thrust 2251-2252, 2262

tolerances for 2255-2264

torque, starting 2281

types of 2249-2254

Rolling

contact bearings 2246-2302

friction 191

resistance 191

Rolling screw threads 1918-1922

cylindrical die machines 1918

diameter of blank 1918-1919

diameter of threading roll 1919

flat die machines 1918

in automatic screw machines 1919

speeds, and feeds 1920-1922

steels for 1918-1919

Root diameter 2001

Roots

and powers of numbers 17

finding square and cube 17

mean square, surface texture 702

Rope

Manila, safe loads and strength 354, 360

nylon, safe loads and strength 353

safe loads for 352-354

slings, strength 353-354

weight per 100 feet 360

wire 333-350

definitions of terms 333-334

strength and properties 336-341

winding drum, grooves for 342-343, 360

Rose chucking reamers 808, 821-822

Rotary file or burs 1433-1434

Rotary motion

formulas 153

formulas for accelerated 153

Rotating parts, balancing 167-172

Roughness

control of 697-708

cutoff 697, 707-708

height values 699-700

parameters

rules for determining 715

rules for measurement of 716

symbols indicating degree of 697-700

Round head machine screws 1577

British Standard 1591-1598

Rpm

conversion to radian per second 187

for various cutting speeds and diameters, inch units 987-990

metric units 989-990

for various grinding speeds and diameters 1174

RS-232-D interface 1227

Rubber

bearings 2242, 2245

bonded grinding wheels 1140

bonding 2461-2462

mold casting 1337-1338

turning 1044

Rules to compare measured values 715

Running

balance 167

fits, allowances 631-635

S
SAE General Information 2238

SAE Grade 1 1488

SAE Grade 2 1488

SAE Grade 4 1488

SAE Grade 5 1488

SAE Grade 5.2 1488

SAE Grade 7 1488

SAE Grade 8 1488

SAE Grade 8.2 1488

SAE J1199 1530

SAE J429 1496

SAE J995 1489, 1494

SAE Recommended Practice J483a 1503

SAE Standard 2352

steel specification numbers 409-412

SAE Standards

babbitt metals 2239-2240

bearing metals 2239-2240

crown or acorn nuts 1503

die casting alloys 1342-1343

high nuts 1504

J482a 1504

spark plug threads 1840

steel specification numbers 409

taper shaft ends 2352

V-belts 2420

Woodruff keyseat cutters 795

SAE steels

basic numbering system 409-412

castings 1335

compositions 409, 411-412

heat treatments for 443, 503-505

numbering system for 409-412

Safe loads for wire rope 336-341

Safe speeds grinding wheels 1171-1174

Safety

factor 2044-2045

factors of 199

flange couplings 2325

for wire rope 339-340

Salt baths for heat treating 487

Salt, common, weight 370

Sample calculations 212, 215

strength of materials 212-215

Sand blast cleaning 1338

Sand, weight 370

Sanders, spindles for portable 1209

Sanding wood 378

Sandstone

and limestone, strength 478

specific gravity and weight of 370

Saw tooth

clutches 2335-2336

threads 1817

Sawn lumber size 378

Saws

band 1101, 1105-1106

circular, arbors for 1203

metal-cutting, speeds 1044

metal-slitting 776

sharpening files 1431-1432

Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) 2312-2313, 2319

Scalar and vector quantities 118

Sclerometer 521, 524

Scleroscope 518-521

Screw

force for turning 135

mechanical principle of 135

Screw machines

automatic 1094-1099

automatic box-tools 1095

cam and tool design, pointers 1098-1099

drilling speeds and feeds 1095

drills 833, 840

forming speeds and feeds 1095

forming tools 758-770

forming tools with rake 758-764

knurling 1094-1095

reamers, stub 819

reaming speeds and feeds 1095

speeds and feeds 1095

stock required for given production 1099

thread rolling 1919-1922

threading cams 1094

Screw stock 422

Screw threads and thread systems 1706-1712, 1754-1781, 1790-1858

Acme 1792-1816

American National form 1706

angle test by wire method 1872-1875

ANSI

Acme 1792-1816

buttress 1818-1824

form or profile 1706

head recesses 1577, 1623

head types 1620-1621

ANSI M profile 1755-1776

allowances 1762-1764

basic profile 1756-1757

coarse pitch 1759-1760

coated threads 1764-1765

crest and root form 1756-1762

data 1758

design profile, M series 1756, 1759-1760

designations 1774, 1776

fine pitch 1761-1762

formulas for limiting dimensions 1765

lengths of engagement 1763-1766

limiting 1769-1780

limits and fits 1757

limits of size 1765

major diameter tolerances 1768

minor diameter tolerances 1764, 1767, 1774

pitch diameter tolerances 1766-1769

profile data 1758

symbols 1756

thread series 1761-1762

tolerance grades 1762-1765

ANSI MJ profile 1775-1778

ANSI M-profile

limiting 1781-1787

ANSI Unified 1706-1710, 1712-1754

basic dimensions 1740-1749

classes 1752-1753

definitions 1707-1712

designations 1754

internal and external profile 1713

standard series, tables of 1716-1739

symbols 1753-1754

thread form 1706, 1712-1714

British Standard

buttress threads 1825

ISO metric 1825-1834

pipe 1856-1858

UNJ profile 1825-1826

Whitworth 1836-1838

changing pitch slightly 1929-1930

classes of tolerance 1742-1753, 1801-1802, 1821-1823

cutting, change gears 1912

fractional ratios 1913-1914

definitions 1707-1712

designation of Unified threads 1716-1754

diameters of wires for measuring

American and Whitworth 1861

Dryseal pipe 1852-1853

electric socket and lamp base threads 1846

formulas for three-wire measurement 1860-1861

gages for screw threads 1877-1884

classification 1877-1878

for Unified screw threads 1877-1878

standard tolerances 1882-1884

grinding 1923-1927

centerless method 1926-1927

helix angle 1740-1749

hose coupling 1844-1845

inserts 1635

instrument makers' 1846

interference fit threads 1786-1791

International Metric thread system 1825

ISO metric 1825-1834

lag screw 1497-1498

metric 1525

length of engagement 1489-1490

limits

Class 1A and 1B 1717-1739

Class 2A and 2B 1716-1739

Class 3A and 3B 1716-1739

Class 5 1786-1789

lock-nut pipe 1848, 1851-1852

Löwenherz 1825

measuring 1859-1877

metric series threads

ANSI M profile 1755-1776

ANSI MJ profile 1775-1778

British Standard ISO metric 1825-1834

micrometers for measuring pitch diameters 1859

microscope 1846

milling 1625, 1928-1930

classes of work 1929-1930

miniature 1781-1785

modified square thread, 10-degree 1817

multiple, designation 1754

National standard form or profile 1706

nonstandard small size 0000, 000, and 00 screws 1573

pipe

ANSI Standard 1846-1855

Dryseal 1852-1855

measuring 1872-1876

straight 1848-1852

taper 1846-1850

pitch, changing slightly 1929-1930

pitch, maximum when die cut 1929-1930

profiles 1860-1861

rolled threads 1846

rolling 1918-1922

in automatic screw machines 1919

saw-tooth 1817

selection of Unified threads 1752-1753

sharp V-type thread 1706

spark plugs 1840

standard series Unified threads 1715

strength of 1489-1491

stress areas 1482, 1489-1491, 1794

stub Acme screw threads 1793, 1811-1816

stub thread, 60-degree 1816

stub-Acme screw threads 1793

stud threads ??-17801781-1791

studs, tolerances 1788-1789

symbols used for standard 896-897

tap drill sizes 1889-1907

taper, measurement by wire method 1872-1876

thread forms 1706

trapezoidal metric threads 1779

Unified

allowances 1716-1739, 1750-1753

coarse thread series 1715-1740

coated 1750-1754

combination of classes 1752-1753

crest clearances 1750-1753

design profile 1713

designation 1753-1754

dimensions 1716-1739

external and internal thread forms 1706, 1712-1714, 1781-1783

fine and extra fine series 1715-1745

hole sizes for tapping 1754

limits 1716-1739, 1750-1753

miniature screw thread 1781-1785

selection 1752-1753

thread classes 1742-1745, 1750-1753

thread form, data and formulas for 1713-1714

thread forms 1712-1713

thread minor diameter tolerances, M series 1764, 1767, 1774

thread series 1712, 1715

tolerances 1750-1754

UN and UNR 1712-1713

uniform 4-, 6-, 8-, 12-, 16-, 20-, 28-, and 32-pitch series 1715-1749

US Standard 1706

watch 1781-1785

wire method of checking 1860-1877

wire sizes for checking pitch diameters 1861-1862

worm threads 2064-2066

Screw threads and thread systemsANSI M profile

design profile, M series 1759

designations 1764, 1767, 1774

limits of size 1775

Screws

and bolts 1492

British Standard

inch 1551-1554, 1586-1598, 1613-1619

ISO 1825-1834

metric 1555-1559, 1586-1595, 1613-1618

Whitworth 1551-1554, 1595-1598, 1619

British Unified 1595-1597

cap 1496, 1599-1604

cap, metric 1521

drive 1620-1621, 1635

grade markings for steel 1488-1489

heavy hex 1496

hex 1493-1494

lag 1497-1498, 1525

load to break threaded portion of 1490-1491

Metric

cap 1521

clearance holes 1532

designation 1532

diameters 1523

flange 1526-1527

formed 1522

heavy hex 1523

identification symbols 1532

ISO 1556-1560

ISO British Standard 1825-1834

materials and mechanical properties 1534

reduced body diameter 1524

socket 1613-1614

thread series 1532

self-threading 1620-1644

set 1606-1619

shoulder 1605

sockets for 1608, 1615

tap drills 1889-1907

thumb 1697, 1700-1701

Unified Standard 1492-1496, 1595-1597

wing 1697-1699

wood 1456

Screws, jig and fixture

button head 1617

heavy hex 1496

hex 1493-1494

load to break threaded portion 1490-1491

Sealants 2463-2464

gasket materials 2463-2465

pipe joining 2464-2466

Sealing bearings 2198-2200

Seasoning steel, sub zero 514-517

Secant 83

Secant modulus (plastics) 572-573

Section lining, standard for drawings 606, 608

Section modulus

angles 2495-2497

for torsion 229, 258

formulas for various sections 217-227

I-beams 2489-2493

pipe 2507-2508

polar 229, 277-278

rectangles, table for 228-229

round shafts, table for 229-234

structural shapes

angles, steel 2497

channels, aluminum 2498

I-beams or S-shapes

aluminum 2498

steel 2493

wide flange, steel 2489-2492

steel 2494

Segment

circular 80-81

area 80-81

height for given angle and radius 80-81

Seizing and cutting wire rope 344

Self-threading screws 1620-1635

cross recesses 1623

designations 1620-1621

drive type 1620-1622, 1624

head types 1620-1621

hole sizes for 1628-1635

self-tapping inserts 1635

thread and point types 1622-1623

thread cutting types 1620, 1623, 1625

thread forming types 1620-1622, 1624, 1626

torsional strength requirements 1635

types of 1620-1621

Self-threading screws, metric 1635-1644

designations 1635-1636

head types 1635-1636

hole sizes for 1640-1644

material 1639

recommended lengths 1638

thread and point types 1636

thread cutting types 1635-1639

thread forming types 1635-1638

Sensivity Factor 2044

Sequence number, NC 1245

Series, infinite 33-34, 97

Set-screws

American National Standard 1606-1610

British Standard metric 1613-1619

British Standard Whitworth 1619

fluted socket type 1612

headless 1606

hexagon socket type 1612-1618

holding power 1619

spline socket type 1612

square head type 1609-1610, 1619

Sevolute functions 97

Shackle and end-link chain 356

Shaft deflection

linear 280

torsional 277-280

Shafts 275-284

allowances and tolerances for fits 621-667

British Standard for fits 657-666

brittle materials, formulas for 283

checking for various conditions of 692-694

critical speeds of 283

effect of keyways on strength 283

factor of safety 276, 283

hollow 283-284

horsepower transmitted by 275-277, 280

linear deflection 280

maximum allowable working stress 282

moment of inertia, polar 229-234, 277-278

polygon type connections 2160-2161

round, section moduli 229-234

steel, diameters of 280

strength 275-277

taper ends, SAE Standard 2352

torsional

deflection 277-280

strength 275-277

hollow vs. solid 283-284

transmission, design of 280-283

Shanks

brazing carbide tips to 1365-1366

brazing high-speed steel tips to 1360

hexagonal, for portable tools 1210

taper 906-917

Shapes

of grinding wheels 1142-1150

of mounted wheels and points 1204-1206

Shaping wood 378

Shaping, speeds and feeds 1044

Sharp V-thread 1706

Sharpening

carbide tools 937

drills 936

Shaving, gear teeth 2011-2013

Shear

formulas for 204

modulus 196

of various material 384

of various materials 196

of, G

plastics 573-575

spring materials 326-329

modulus of, G

plastics 575

properties 197

spring design 329

steel for hot-working 456

stress 195, 206

combined with tension or compression 206-207

in beams 207-210

Shearing strength

cast iron 476

rivets 1461-1462

steels 476

wrought iron 476

Shearing strength wood 376

Sheaves

for V-belt drives 2373-2420

for wire rope 332, 334

Sheet metal

and wire gages 2499-2503

bending allowances 1304-1310

screws 1620-1635

Sheet sizes for drawings 606

Shell

blanks, diameters 1304-1307

mills 778

molding 1336-1337

reamer arbors, driving slots and lugs for 823

reamers 822

Shells, plates and cylinders, strength of 268

Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) 1378-1382

Shielding gases 1364-1366

Shipping measure 2518

Shocks, stresses in springs 258

stresses produced by 257-258

Shore's scleroscope 518-521

Shoulder screws 1605

Shrinkage

allowance, patterns 1345

investment casting 1345

Shrinkage allowance, patterns 1339-1344

Shrinkage fits 623-627, 631-632, 640

Shut height, power press 1302-1304

SI

binary prefixes 2533

SI units

in strength of materials calculations 195

metric 116

Side milling cutters 774

Sigma (standard deviation) 1217-1218

Significance of accuracy 1216-1219

Signs and abbreviations

mathematical 2

scientific and engineering 2554-2555

Signs of trigonometric functions 84

Silicon

carbide grinding wheels 937-938

in steel (welding) 1362-1363

Silver

bearings 2241

brazing filler alloys 1356

plating 1450

Simple

indexing 1947, 1979-1985

proportion 22

stresses 204-206

Simpson's rule 57-58

Sine 83

Sine bar constants 675-681

Sine bar, use of 673-682

Sine law of 84

Single tooth contact 2000

Single-angle milling cutters 777, 783

Single-point cutting tools 723-746, 859-864

angle tolerances 740-746

carbide tips and inserts for 738-746

chipbreakers 728-730

definitions and terms 723-726

end cutting edge angle 728

indexable inserts 729-732

insert toolholders 730-738, 1281-1284

lead angles 727-728

nose radius 728, 745

numerical control tool compensation 1281-1284

planing tools 730-731

rake angles 726-728

relief angles 726

relief angles for thread cutting 1910-1911

side cutting edge angles 727-728

tip overhang 740

tool contour 723

tool holders, indexable inserts 730-738

Sinking funds 27

Sintered carbide tools, ANSI Standard 738, 747-757

tool materials 979-981

Sintered metal bearings 2242-2245

Sixty (60)-degree stub threads 1816

Sixty (60)-degree V-belts 2407

Size factor cover 2044

Sizes of sawn lumber 378

Skin effect in castings 1341

Slate

cutting speed for 1044

specific gravity and weight 370

Sleeve bearings 2204-2219

Sleeves, Morse taper 915

Slenderness ratio of columns 261

Slides, measuring 682-683, 690

Slings and fittings for wire rope 345-348

Slings, strength of rope and chain 354-355

Slipping clutches, couplings 2332

Slitting saws, metal 776

Slots for T-bolts, ANSI Standard 1645

Slug 114

SMAW (shielded metal arc welding) 1378

S-N diagrams 197-198

Socket

ANSI hexagon and spline 1608

head, screw type

British Standard metric 1613-1618

cap 1601-1604, 1614

drill and counterbore sizes for 858, 1602

keys and bits for 1611

set 1612-1618

shoulder 1605

reamers, Morse taper 824

taper shank 906-917

threads for electric 1846

wrench clearances 1511

Soldering 1352-1355

alloys for 1353

aluminum 1354

fluxes 1352-1354

magnesium 1352-1354

methods 1352-1355

stainless steel 1352-1354

ultrasonic fluxless 1352-1355

Solders 1352-1353

brazing 1354-1359

silver 1352-1353

Solid figures, volumes and dimensions 66-71

Solid film lubricants 2318

Solid ring

polar moment of inertia 145

Soluble oils for machining operations 1107

Solution heat treatment 480

Sorbite 493

Sound level specifications 1297

Space cutters, roller chain sprockets 2437, 2440-2441

Spacing holes on jig borer 953-970

Spade drills and drilling 865-871

feed rates for 868-869

geometry of 865-867

power consumption and thrust for 870

Spandrel

area 64

center of gravity 138

Spark plugs, screw threads 1840

British Standard 1840

taps 876, 891

Spatter, (welding) 1381-1387

Specific gravity 370-371

conversion to, from Baumé's hydrometer 371

gases 371

liquids 371

miscellaneous substances 370

of various metals 370

of various substances 370

oils 2312-2313

plastics 380

Specific heat 364

gasses 365

of various metals 368-369

Speed reducers, motors, built-in 2452-2453

Speeds

calculating cutting speeds 985-990

critical, of rotating shafts 283

pulleys, rules for calculating 2370-2371

rpm for different diameters and cutting speeds 985-990

Speeds and feeds, machining 978-1046

abrasive belt grinding 1193

bandsawing 1103, 1105-1106

CBN grinding wheels 1157

cutting 597-599, 868, 983, 985, 1040, 1094, 1103, 1105-1106

cylindrical grinding, high-speed 1178

drilling 1012-1039, 1095

diameters and rpm 986

feeds for spade drills 868-869

end milling 1009

face milling 1009

form-turning 1095, 1111

general 978, 1040, 1094-1095

grinding wheels

maximum peripheral speeds 1173

truing and dressing 1160-1161

wheel and work speeds 1925

grinding with diamond wheels 1169

honing 1195-1198

milling 991, 1009-1012

nonferrous metals 1116-1119

plastics 597-599

reaming 1012-1040, 1095

reaming and threading 991

rotary burs and files 1433-1434

sawing

band 1103, 1105-1106

circular 1044

shaping 1044

slit and slot milling 1009, 1012-1027

superalloys 1008-1009

surface grinding 1190-1192

tables, how to use 991-994

tapping and thread cutting 1030-1039, 1041-1043, 1095, 1886-1887

thread rolling 1920-1922

titanium and alloys 1007

tool life 982-983, 994

adjusting 755-757, 1004-1005, 1009, 1012, 1028

tool steels

drilling reaming, and threading 1035

milling 1018-1019

turning 1000

turning 991, 995-1009

carbon and alloy steels 996-999

copper alloys 1006

ferrous cast metals 1002-1003

hard-to-machine materials 1008-1009

light metals 1007

speeds and feeds 995-1009, 1095

stainless steels 1001

superalloys 1008-1009

titanium 1007

tool steels 1000

Sphere

hollow

center of gravity 141

radius of gyration 150

polar moment of inertia 145

radius of gyration 150

volume 69

Spherical

sector

center of gravity 141

polar moment of inertia 145

volume 69

segment

center of gravity 141

polar moment of inertia 145

segment volume 69

shells, strength to resist internal pressure 271-272

wedge volume 70

zone volume 70

Spherical and rectangular coordinates, relationship 37

Spherical coordinates 37

Spherical shell, thin 150

Spherical surface

center of gravity 138

Spheroid segment of

center of gravity 141

Spheroidal graphite iron 476, 1332

Spheroidize, annealizing 415

Spheroidizing 414, 495-497

Spikes and nails, standard 1455

Spindle

for portable tools 1207-1210

function, NC 1251

noses 920-924, 1251, 1285

Spiral bevel and hypoid gears 2052

Spiral bevel gears 1998, 2051

applications 2051

tooth contact 2050

Splines 2129

application factors 2141

comparison of symbols 2150

data and reference dimensions 2140

fatigue-life factors for 2142

formulas for SAE standard 2160

machining tolerances and variations 2153

SAE standard spline fittings 2160

SAE standard splined fittings 2157-2160

terms, symbols, and drawing data 2139

variations 2135

Splines, involute 2126-2155

milling 799

socket keys and bits 1611

straight-sided 2157-2160

Spray transfer (welding) 1364-1365

Spraying process, flame (metal) 1351

Spring 285-332

arbor diameters for 332

Belleville 326

clock 326

compression, formulas for 299

conical compression 326

constant force 326

copper-base spring alloys 288-289

deflections for

compression 302-305

extension 302-305

torsion 321-324

design data 296-332

elevated temperature stresses 295-296

endurance limit for spring materials 295-296

extension 307-311

extension spring design 309-311

failure in 331

flat 326

heat treatment of 326-329

helical

compression spring design 297-306

helical, shock stresses produced in 258

high-carbon spring steels 286

index 296-298

materials 286-290

miscellaneous 326

moduli of elasticity 326

motor 326

music wire arbor diameters 332

nickel-base spring alloys 288-290

pins 1663-1664

shock stresses produced in helical 258

spiral 326

stainless spring steels 287-288

steels for 286-288

stresses 291-297

produced by shocks 258

tolerances

for compression and extension 310-314

for torsion 325-326

torsion

bars 326

design 314-325

modulus 326-329

volute 326

wire

diameters for 286

maximum working temperature 289

tensile strength 385

Sprockets

chain transmission 2421-2444

idler 2436

roller chain 2423-2442

Spur gearing 2002-2033

AGMA tolerances for fine pitch gears 2037-2041

American National Standard tooth forms 2004-2008

angular backlash 2042

backlash 2036-2042, 2103

basic dimensions 2010-2012

blanks for fine pitch gears 2033-2034

caliper measurement of tooth 2020

cast 2113-2117

center distance

calculations 2010-2015

variable 2010, 2012-2015

checking gear size 2094-2112

chordal

addenda and thicknesses for milled full-depth teeth 2015-2017

addendum 2017-2018

measurement 2108-2111

thickness 2015-2017, 2062

circular

pitch system 2002-2015, 2022

thickness for given outside diameter 2014-2024

composite

error inspection 2042

teeth 2004-2010

contact

diameter 2028-2032

highest point of single tooth 2033

lowest point of single tooth 2029-2032

ratio 2024-2027, 2029

data on drawings 2033-2036

diameters for hobbing, preshaving, and shaping 2011

diametral pitch

system 2002

diametral pitch shown full size 2002

dimensions, formulas for 2004

drawing data 2033-2036

enlarged pinions 2019-2028, 2077-2080

external 1998

Fellows stub tooth systems 2010

fine-pitch 2008, 2024-2027, 2033-2034, 2077-2079

formulas for basic dimensions 2131

full-depth, teeth 2004-2010, 2015-2017

gear milling cutters, series of 2017-2021

metric module 2021

gear tooth parts 2005-2010

checking 2094-2112

German standard tooth form 2090

hob tip radius, maximum 2030-2033

interference, avoiding 2019-2022

internal 1998, 2047-2048

involute curve properties 2002

measurement of tooth with caliper 2020

measurement over pins 2094-2112

milling cutters for 2021

metric module 2021

module system 2090-2093

nonmetallic 601-604, 2118-2122

outside and root diameters 2011, 2022

pin method of checking 2094-2112

pitch diameters, tabulated 2022

profile checker settings 2030-2031

reduced gear 2019-2028

replacement gear dimensions 2122-2125

root and outside diameters 2011, 2022

set center distance 2010-2015

shaving 2011-2013

steels for industrial 2113-2117

tooth

dimensions 2005-2010

forms 2004-2010

proportions 2008

thickness allowance for shaving 2011-2015

thickness measurement 2014-2022, 2039-2040, 2108-2111

true involute form (TIF) diameter 2030-2033

undercut, avoiding 2019-2028

undercut, limit for hobbed gears 2030-2033

wire method of checking 2094-2108, 2111-2112

Square

area 60

circles of area equal to 79

distances across corners 82

of wire diameters 330

prism volume 66

recesses, for machine screws 1577

for self-tapping screws 1623

roots of numbers 17

Squeeze casting 1337-1338

Squirrel cage induction motors 2445-2446

S-shapes, structural steel 2493

moment of inertia 2493

radius of gyration 2493

section modulus 2493

weight per foot 2493

Stabilizing gages 514-515

Stainless steels 406, 413, 425, 428

characteristics and applications 425

compositions 413

cutting, flame 1428

mechanical properties 439

soldering 1352-1354

ultrasonic 1352-1354

speeds

for drilling, reaming, and threading 1036

for milling 1019-1020

for turning 1001

strength 476

Stamping

blank diameters 1304

die clearances 1301

drawing operations 1302-1304

fine blanking 1312-1314

lubricants for 1302

pressures required 1302-1304

punches, dies and presswork 1301-1311

steel rule dies 1315-1317

Standard

deviation 1216-1218

steels 403, 406-418, 420-428, 430-436, 439-443

classification 403, 406-410

hardenability 415-416

hardness 415-416

numbering system 409, 413

wire gage (SWG) 2499-2500

Standards, NC 1226

Static 113

balancing 167

equivalent load, bearings 2297-2301

load rating, bearings 2297-2301

Statistical tolerance 617

Stayed surfaces, flat 268

Steel

alloy

compositions of SAE 411-412

general properties 432-436

Bessemer 422

carbon

SAE compositions 409, 420-422

steel structure 484

carbon steel structure 483

carburizing grades 504-505

carburizing methods 498

case hardening 497-505

cast 1332-1335

castings 1332

chromium

compositions 413, 428

nickel austenitic 413, 425, 428

classification 406

cobalt high-speed 856-857

cobaltcrom 508

color of heated 495

columns, pipe 264-265

compositions

for tools 464-476

of SAE 409-412

corrosion-resisting 425-428

deep-drawing 420

Founders' Society of America 1333-1340

free-cutting 422

manganese 447

stainless 425

gages 456

gear castings 2113-2117

gearing, industrial 2113-2117

hardenability 415-416

hardening 479, 485-492

hardness 415-416

and tensile strength relationships 521

of heat-treated 432, 473-476

heat treatment 414-415, 479-517

of high speed steel 508-514

high-speed 451

high-strength, low-alloy 409-410, 440-443

hot-working, for dies, shears 452-454

hypereutectoid 483

hypoeutectoid 483

induction hardening 500

manganese, SAE compositions 409-412, 447

molybdenum

compositions 409-412, 425, 428

heat-treating 511-512

high-speed 457-458, 510-511

nickel

chromium, SAE compositions 409-412, 425, 428

nickel, SAE compositions 425

SAE compositions 411-412

nitriding 417, 498

numbering systems for 409-412

oil-hardening types 464

pipe

ANSI standard 2505

columns, allowable concentric loads 264-265

properties of heat-treated 452-454, 473, 476

quality

classification 418

variations 418

rivets 1458

rolled, shape designations 2488

rule dies 1315-1317

SAE

compositions 409-412

heat treatments recommended 443, 503-505

specification numbers 409-410

screw stock 422

sheet, standard gage 2501-2502

silicon-manganese, SAE compositions 411-412

stainless 413, 425, 428

strength 473-476

and hardness data 432-436, 473, 475-476

of heat-treated 473, 475-476

structural shapes 2488-2497

subzero treatment 514-517

taps 452-456, 1885-1886

tool 444-458, 460, 462, 464-471

die 452

of different types 452-456

tungsten

compositions 458, 460

heat treating 508-511

high-speed 458-460, 462, 508-511

twist drill 856-857

vanadium 447

wrought 2504

Stellite alloy 981

Step bearings 2219, 2224-2227

Stock, amount required for screw machine production 1099

Stoke 2201-2202, 2312-2313, 2319

Straight

line column formula 261

pins 1653-1655

pipe threads 1848-1852

Straight bevel gears 1998

Strain

lateral 196

longitudianl 196

ratio of 196

Strength

hollow vs. solid shafts 283-284

of polygon connections 2161

of screws and bolts 1490-1491, 1534, 1559-1560

riveted joints 1459

tensile 196

wood 376

ultimate 196

yield

perforated metal 235

Strength of materials 195

angles, lengths of bent 2488

beams 236, 249

shock stresses in 257-258

channels, elements of 2494, 2498

columns 261-267

AISC formula 267

AREA formula 261

Euler formula for 261-262, 266-267

Gordon formula 261, 263

Johnson formula for 262

combined stresses 206-210

compression 196

critical speeds of shafts 283

curved beams 254-257

cylinders 270-274

definitions 195-196

deflection of beams 236, 239, 241-242, 253-254

Euler formula 261-263, 266-267

factors of safety 199

ferrous metals 473, 475-476

flat plates 268-270

heat-treated steels 432-436

hoop stress 585-586

thick-walled tube 584-585

thin-walled tube 584-585

influence of temperature 475-478

Izod impact 380, 432-433

J. B. Johnson column formula 262, 266-267

keyways in shafts 283

linear deflection in shafts 280

mechanical properties 195-196

metals, properties of 473, 475-478

miscellaneous materials 478

modulus

elasticity 196

shear 196

moment of inertia

built-up sections 217

table 217-227

nonferrous metals 473, 475, 477

perforated metals 235

pipe columns 264-265

plates, shells, and cylinders 268-274

polar

moment of inertia 229, 277-278

section modulus 229, 277-278

rails 259

Rankine, column formula 261, 263

rings, stresses and deflections 215

section moduli tables 217-234

shafts 275-284

brittle material formula for 283

critical speeds of 283

effect of keyways on strength of 283

former American Standard design code for 280-283

horsepower transmitted by 275-277, 280

torsional strength of 275-277

shear 195, 197

shells, spherical 271-272

shocks, stresses produced by 257-258

simple stresses 204-206

springs, shock stresses in 258

steels 473, 475-476

straight-line column formula 261

stress 117, 195

analysis 521

areas of screw threads 1489-1491

concentration factors 200-201

filleted shaft in tension 201

filleted shaft in torsion 201

grooved shaft in bending 203

grooved shaft in torsion 203

shaft with shoulder in bending 202

shaft with transverse hole in bending 204

shaft with transverse hole in torsion 202

relieving 415

working 200

struts or columns 261-267

taper pins, strength of 215-216

temperature effects 475-478

tensile

strength 376, 379, 385

stress 195

torsional strength of shafting 275-277

tubes 272-274

working stresses 200

yield 376, 379, 385

Young's modulus 196

Strength of wire rope 334-341

Stress 117

alternating 197-198

area of thread 1482, 1490-1491, 1794

bending in flywheels 179

centrifugal in flywheels 178

combined 206-210

concentration factors 200-204

filleted shaft in

tension 201

torsion 201

grooved shaft in

bending 203

torsion 203

shaft with

shoulder in bending 202

transverse hole in bending 204

transverse hole in torsion 202

contact, in cams 2184

cyclic 197

hoop in flywheels 178-179

in beams 204-210, 236, 241-242, 249, 251-258

in bolts when tightening 1477-1487

in flywheels 183

in involute splines 2142

in loaded ring 215

in rotating disks 183

in shafting 280-283

in splines

allowable compressive 2145

allowable contact stress 2045

allowable shear 2144

allowable tensile stress 2145

in springs 258, 291-297

produced by shocks 257-258

shear 206

in beams 207-210

simple 204-206

spline teeth

compressive 2144

superposition of 206

three-dimensional, or triaxial 210-212

working, of various materials 200

Stress concentration factors 200-201

filleted shaft in

tension 201

torsion 201

grooved shaft in

bending 203

torsion 203

shaft with

shoulder in bending 202

transverse hole in

bending 204

torsion 202

Stress relieving 415

Stress-strain curves 195-196

Structural shapes

aluminum 2498

steel 2488-2497

angles, properties of 2495-2497

channels, properties of 2494

I- or S-shapes, properties of 2493

standard designations 2488

strength 476

wide flange, properties of 2489-2492

Structure of Carbon Steel 483

Struts or columns, strength of 261-267

Stub Acme screw threads 1793, 1811-1816

alternative 1816

ANSI Standard 1811-1815

designations 1814

formula for determining diameters 1812

limiting dimensions for 1813-1814

thread data 1815

thread form 1793, 1812

wire sizes for checking 1872-1874

Stub screw machine reamers 819-820

Stub threads, 29- and 60-degree 1929-1934

Stub tooth gearing 2005, 2010

Fellows 2010

former American Standard 2005, 2010

outside and root diameters 2004, 2011

Stub's iron and steel wire gage 2499-2500

Stud

British 1551, 1562

threads 1786-1791

Studs

British

drive 1659, 1662

Subprogram, NC 1256

Subroutine, NC 1256-1258

Subzero treatment of steel 514-517

Superalloys, speeds for turning, milling and drilling 1008-1009

Superhard tool materials (CBN) 754-757, 982, 1008-1009, 1140, 1157, 1166

Surface

finish and hardness of bearings 2199

grinding 1185-1192

advantages 1185

common faults and possible causes in 1191-1192

table of 1191

principal systems 1186, 1189

process data for 1190

selection of grinding wheels for 1139-1150, 1185-1187, 1190

hardening

electron beam 503

laser 503

of revolution, area 57

roughness

measurements 703-704

produced by common production methods 702-703

produced by laser cutting 1415-1416

relationship to tolerances 702-704

speeds, diameters and rpm

grinding wheels 1171, 1174

pulleys and sheaves 985, 987-990, 1908-1909

speeds, diameters and rpm cutting speeds formula 985-990, 1908

texture 697-702

measurement by light wave interference bands 695-696

Surface coatings 1444-1451

Surface condition factor 2044

Surface finish

differences between ISO and ANSI symbology 711

Surface texture 699

applying symbols 706-708

castings 708

comparing measured values to specified limits 715

control and production 697

cutoff for roughness measurements 704

drawing practices for symbols 704-705

error of form 697

flaws 697

graphical centerline. 699

instruments 704

instruments of measurements 704

lay 697, 708

lay symbols 709

measurement instrumentation 704

measurement of 697-702

measurements

area avearaging methods 704

max rule 715

non-contact instruments 704

probe microscope 704

skidless instruments 704

16% rule 715

profile 699

measured 699

modified 699

nominal 699

real 700

total 700

variation 2129, 2136

root mean square 702

roughness 697

roughness average (Ra) 701-702, 707

roughness evaluation length 702

roughness parameters 701

roughness profile 700

roughness sampling length 701

roughness spacing 700

roughness topography 700

sampling length 700-701

spatial resolution 700

standard roughness sampling lengths 707

symbols 606, 705-706

symbols, proportions of 706

system height resolution 700

topography 700

measured 700

modified 700

traversing length 701

use of symbols 706

valley 700

waviness 699

evaluation length 700, 702

height 702, 708

long-wavelength cutoff 700

parameters 702

profile 700

sampling length 700-701

short-wavelength cutoff 700

spacing 700

topography 700

Surface texture symbols

drawing practices for 705

Surveyor's measure 2517, 2523

SUS (Saybolt Universal Seconds) 2313, 2319

Swing frame grinding 1192

Swiss pattern files 1432-1433

S-word, NC 1251

Symbols

ANSI Y14.5M Standard geometric characteristic engineering drawing 609

datum referencing 614

section lining 606, 608

applying surface texture 706-708

arc and gas welding 1393-1401

brazing 1361

concentricity, ANSI 609, 1223

diameter, ANSI 609, 1222

diamond wheel marking 1163-1166

drawing practices for surface texture 704-705

fits 631

Greek 2554

grinding wheel markings 1141-1142

involute splines 2129, 2139

mechanics 115

nondestructive testing 1408-1409

parallelism, ANSI 609, 1223

perpendicularity, ANSI 609, 1224

roundness, ANSI 609, 1222

runout, ANSI 609, 1224

screw thread, for tap marking 896-897

surface profile, ANSI 609, 1222

surface texture 704-708

tolerances 642-644

total runout, ANSI 609, 1224

welding 1393-1409

Symbols and abbreviations 2, 2554-2555

Synchronous belts 2407-2419

System of measurement

absolute 114

gravitational 114

System, flexible manufacturing, NC 1234

Systeme International d'Unites

in strength of materials calculations 195

Système International d'Unites 2520-2524

definition of units 2523-2524

in mechanics calculations 116-118

use of 113-114, 116-118

T
Tangent 83

Tangent plane 2001

Tangential force 2044

Tanks

contents at given level 58-59

cylindrical, capacity in gallons 58-59

quenching bath 490-491

Tantung alloy 981

Tap drill diameters 1889-1908

Acme 901

British Standard ISO metric 1901-1902

cold form tapping 1905-1907

effect of diameter when tapping 1889-1890

machine screw sizes 1900

pipe taps 1907-1908

Taper

keys 2342-2354, 2359-2364

measurement methods 682-686

per foot and corresponding angles 684

pin reamers 826, 1657

pins, standard 1655-1658

drills for 1655-1658

strength 215-216

pipe taps 879-881, 894

pipe threads 1846-1850

reamers

Brown & Sharpe 825

Morse 824

shaft ends, SAE Standard 2352

Tapered

land thrust bearing 2218-2219, 2227-2232

roller bearings 2252-2254

roller thrust bearings 2252-2254

Tapers

American (ANSI) Standard 906-918

applications of standard 917

British Standard 907-908

Brown & Sharpe 906, 915-916

collets 971-973

gages for self-holding 914

Jacobs 919

Jarno 906, 917

machine tool spindles 917

measuring with

sine bar 674

V-block and sine bar 682

milling machine spindles, arbors and spindle noses 920-924

Morse 906-917

stub taper shanks 907-908

rules for figuring 685

self-holding and self-releasing 906-914

steep machine 913, 918

Tapping and thread cutting 1885-1917

automatic screw machine 1095

British Standard drill sizes 1901-1903

cold form 1904-1907

cutting oils 1110

cutting speed for 1030-1039, 1041-1043

high-speed CNC 1908-1909

holes

for tapping miniature screw threads 1901-1902

sizes before tapping, Unified threads 1889-1902

lubrication 1110

maximum pitches of die cut threads 1929-1930

power required for pipe taps 1907-1908

removing a broken tap 1905-1908

specific materials 1887-1890

speeds 1030-1039, 1041-1043, 1095, 1886-1887

square threads 883, 887-890, 903

tap drills

Acme threads 901

clearance drills for machine screws 1900

diameters 1889-1890, 1907-1908

for American form threads 1898-1900

for ISO metric threads 1903

tap thread H- and L-limits 879-880, 896-897

Taps 872-875

Acme 898-901

adjustable 901

ANSI Standard 872-898

British Standard ISO metric series 902-903

collapsing 901

cut thread limits 876-882, 891

definitions 872-875

fits, classes obtained 895

fractional inch sizes 876-878, 891

ground thread limits 877-883, 892

H- and L-limits 879-880, 896-897

hand, dimensions of standard 875, 883, 888-892

hand, types of 872

limit numbers for ground-thread taps 897-898

machine screw 883-893

marks or symbols for identifying threads on taps 880, 896-898

metric sizes 876, 883-893

multiple-thread taps, marking 898

nitriding of 1885-1886

nut 872, 884, 890-891

pipe 872, 879-882, 894

power for driving 1907-1908

tap drills for 1907-1908

taper 879-882, 894

pitch increased to compensate for shrinkage 1929-1930

pulley 872, 884, 890

rake angles of 1886-1887

removing broken 1905-1908

selection of 1885-1887

serial 1885-1886

sparkplug 876, 891

spiral

fluted 883, 886, 892, 1885-1886

pointed 885-893, 1885-1886

square thread 898-901

steel for 456, 1885-1886

straight fluted 875, 883, 888-889, 892

straight pipe 879-882, 894

surface treatment of 1885-1886

terms 872

thread series designations 896-897

tolerances 876-897

types of 872

Unified thread form 1706

Tar, specific gravity 371

Taylor

principle in grinding 606

tool life equation 992

T-bolts and T-slots, ANSI Standard 1645-1646

tebi 2533

Teflon (TFE) bearings 2242, 2245

Temper designations, aluminum alloy 543-546

Temperature

absolute 2514

bearings 2204-2211

boiling points, various substances 364

changes in length due to 668

critical, heat treating of steel 480, 483-484

effect on working stresses, of springs 295-296

Fahrenheit and Celsius (Centigrade) 2514-2516

ignition 368

influence on strength of metals 475-478

judging by color, steel 495

maximum operating

ceramics 379

plastics 380

melting point metals 368-370

of carbon dioxide, solid 623

of freezing mixtures 367

of ignition, various materials 367

of lead bath alloys 494

of nitrogen, solid 623

required to develop tightening stress in bolt 1480-1481

Temperature criterion 2045

Tempering 414-417, 482, 493-495

double 494

steel 414, 493-495

Ten-degree modified square thread 1817

Tensile

modulus (plastics) 380, 572-573

strength 196-197

stress 195

Tensile strength

aluminum alloys 550-555

ceramics 379

copper alloys 526-542

copper-beryllium alloys 566

copper-silicon alloys 565

ferrous and non-ferrous metals and metal alloys 473, 475-477

heat-treated steel 432-436

Investment casting alloy 381

iron and steel 473, 475

magnesium alloys 560

nickel 562-563

stainless steel 439

steel 430-436, 441

relation to hardness 473-477, 521-524

titanium alloys 564

wood 376

Thermal

conductance 366

conductivity 366, 368-370

contraction 623

cracking of cutting tools 1111

energy 2514

expansion coefficients 368-370, 379-380, 579, 668

stresses 585-586, 668

Thermal flash factor 2045

Thermometer scales 2514-2516

Thicknesses, preferred

metal products 2503

uncoated metals and alloys 2501

Thin flat plate 148

Thin spherical shell 150

Thread

Acme 1792-1816

angle, wire method of testing 1872

change gears for lathe 1912-1916

for fractional output 1913-1914

modifying the quick change gearbox output 1913-1916

chasing, cutting speeds for 1030-1043

checking by three-wire method, tables 1866-1868, 1872

cutting 1910-1916

numerically controlled 1262-1263, 1908-1909

square 898-901

designation symbols for 896-897, 1752-1754

on taps, marks and symbols for identifying 896-897

dies, maximum pitches 1930

grinding 1923-1927

accuracy obtainable 1923

centerless method 1926-1927

crushing method of forming wheels 1926

from the solid 1924-1927

number of wheel passes 1924

truing wheels 1925

wheel and work rotation 1925

wheel grain size 1926-1927

wheel hardness of grade 1926-1927

wheel speeds 1925

wheel types for 1923-1926, 1928

work speeds 1925

milling 1928-1930

changing pitch of thread slightly 1929

classes of work for 1929-1930

multiple cutter method 1928-1929

on numerically controlled machines 1262-1263, 1908-1909

planetary method 1929

single cutter method 1928

rolling 1918-1922

advantages of process 1918

automatic screw machines 1919

blank diameter 1918-1919

diameter of threading roll 1919

dies

cylindrical 1918-1919

flat 1918

steels for 456

dies, flat 1918

machines used 1918

precision thread rolling 1918-1919

production rates 1918-1919

speeds and feeds 1920-1922

steels 1918-1919

screws 1620, 1623, 1625

self-forming screws 1620-1622, 1624, 1628

single-point cutting tools for 692-694

stress area 1482, 1490, 1794

symbols for taps 896-897

tap drill sizes 1889-1898

tools

angles of sides for given clearance and helix angles 1910

for square threads 898-901

relief angles for single-point 1910-1911

Threading cam, screw machine 1094, 1098

cutting speeds, threading dies 1094

Three-dimensional stress 210-212

Three-wire measurement of screw threads 1860-1877

Throw away carbide inserts 730-732

Thrust bearings 2250-2254

allowable loads 2220

ball 2250-2254

flat plate type 2218-2224

plain 2218-2235

rated life 2290-2296

roller 2251-2252

static equivalent load 2301-2302

static load rating 2300-2301

step type 2218-2219, 2224-2227

tapered land type 2218-2219, 2227-2232

tilting pad type 2218-2219, 2232-2235

tolerances 2261-2262

Thumb screws, flat-head type 1697, 1700-1701

Tilting pad thrust bearing 2218-2219, 2232-2235

Tin

plating 1451

tin lead, plating 1446

Tin-base alloys, die casting 1343

Tin-bronze bearings 2238-2242

Tin-lead alloys for soldering 1353

Tip relief 2001

Titanium and titanium alloys

cutting speeds for turning, milling, and drilling 1007

properties 561, 564

Titanium carbides as cutting tool materials 747-752, 980

Titanium Metals Corp. 564

T-nuts, ANSI Standard 1647

Toggle joint 133

Tolerance

bilateral 613

geometric 613

unilateral 613

zone symmetry 613

Tolerance grades, relative to machining processes 630, 657

Tolerances

ANSI Standard 630

bilateral and unilateral 621-622

symbols 609, 642-644, 1221

application 622

ball and roller bearing 2255-2266

compression spring 310-313

cylindrical fits 621-667

defined 621

designation of limits and fits 642-644

dimensions on drawings 621-622

drilled holes 856-857

extension spring 310-314

gages

direction of tolerances on 622

thread 1882-1884

gear, composite tooth to tooth 2042

gear, composite total 2042

hand taps 876-879, 891

honing 1199

how to apply 622

indicating on drawings 609-611, 622

involute splines, inch 2126-2134

involute splines, metric 2148-2153

keys and keyways 2345-2354

knurling 1212, 1215

machine screw taps 878-879, 895

obtainable by various operations 630

pipe taps 879-882, 894

positional 611

preferred series of 630

projected zone 611

relationship to surface roughness 702-704

symbols 609, 1221

taps 872-895

torsion springs 325-326

twist drill, metric 853

unilateral and bilateral 621-622

Tolerancing and geometric dimensioning 606, 610-611

Ton

long and short 2518

metric 2523, 2546

Tool

and cam design, pointers 1098-1099

compensation, NC 1281-1284

contour, cutting tools 723

data table 1251

forming 758-770

function, NC 1251-1253

grinding, angles 723-731

holders 732-738

indexable inserts 729-738, 753, 1281-1284

knurling 1211-1215

length offset, NC 1253

life 982-983, 992-994

adjusting 755-757, 1004-1005, 1009, 1012, 1028

materials 747-757, 978-982

NC machines ??-1286

nose radius compensation, NC 1253, 1281-1284

offset, NC 1252

shanks, ANSI Standard for milling machines 922

sharpening

carbide tools 937

grinding wheels for 937-940

twist drills 934-937

single-point 723-746, 859-864

steels 444-458, 460, 462, 464-471

air hardening 464-466

alloying elements, effects of 447, 451

carbon 452-454

chromium types 458, 460, 462

classification of 451-454

cold work 464

cutting speed for 1000, 1018-1019, 1035

decarburization limits 471

dimensional tolerances 471

faults and failures, common 447-450

grindability of 446, 1151-1152

high-carbon, high-chromium 464

high-speed 457

hot work 458, 462, 464

machining allowances 471

mill production forms 470-471

mold 466, 468-469

molybdenum types 457-458, 464

numbering system 403, 405

oil hardening 464

properties of 444-447

selection of 452-456

shock resisting 466, 468-469

special purpose 466-469

speeds drilling, reaming, and threading 1035

speeds, milling 1018-1019

speeds, turning 1000

tolerances on dimensions 471

tungsten types 458, 460

water hardening 469-471

wear 933-935

Tool trouble-shooting checklist 983

Tooling, carbide 747, 754-757

Tooth face 2001

Tooth rest position

milling cutter grinding 806

reamer grinding 811

Tooth surface 2001

Torches, metal cutting 1428-1429

Torque 113

calculating, for tightening bolts 135, 1475-1491

electric motor 2445-2448

pull-up 2446

relationship to angular acceleration 156

starting, small bearings 2280-2281

tightening, for bolts 1475, 1486-1487

torsion springs 315

Torsion

and bending of shafts, combined formulas 204, 210, 280-283

deflection of shafts, formula 277-280

formulas for shafts 275-277

modulus 204, 326-329

springs, design 325

strength of shafts 275-277

metric calculations 276-277

Torus

polar moment of inertia 145

volume 71

Total face width 2001

Total indicator reading, NC 1238

Translating, screws 1910-1943

Transmission chains 2421

cast roller chains 2421

detachable chains 2421

pintle chains 2421

roller chains 2421-2444

attachments 2425

center distances and chain links 2436

cutters for sprockets 2439-2441

cutting sprocket tooth forms 2437

design procedure 2444

dimensions 2423

hob design 2439

horsepower ratings 2431-2435, 2442

idler sprockets 2436

installation and alignment 2443

keys, keyways and set-screws 2426

length of driving chain 2436

lubrication 2443

manufacture 2437

materials 2437

nomenclature 2422-2424

nonstandard 2421

numbers for 2424

parts 2422

selection 2431, 2436

sprockets 2423-2442

tooth form 2438

types 2421

Transmission shafting design 280-283

Transposition of terms in formulas 20-21

Transverse plane 2001

Trap rock, strength 478

Trapezium area 62

Trapezoid

area 61

center of gravity 137

Trapezoidal metric threads 1779

Trepanning 871

Tresca shear theory (plastics) 584-585

Triangle

acute 83

area 61

center of gravity 136

equilateral 83

geometry of 46-48

isosceles 83

obtuse 83

right-angle 83

solution 83-89

oblique-angle 88-89

right angle 86

right-angle 87

Triaxial stress 210-212

Trigonometric

formulas 84-85

functions

of angles 83-101

signs of 84

using calculator to find 97

identities 84-85

tables 93-96

Trimming dies, steels for 456

Trochoid 2001

Troostite 493

Trouble-shooting

broaching 932

drilling 1034

reaming 812

tools 448-450

Troy weight for gold and silver 2518

True involute form diameter 2001

Truing and dressing grinding wheels 1158-1162

T-slot cutters, standard 775

T-slots and T-bolts, ANSI Standard 1645-1646

TT-C-490D 1449

Tube 2504

collapsing pressure 272-274

gages 2499

maximum allowable pressures 274

strength of 272-274

subjected to external pressure

factor of safety 274

thickness and working pressure 273-274

wall thickness gages 2488, 2499

Tungsten

carbide tools

materials 979

electrodes, welding 1382-1388

Tungsten steels 458, 460, 516

compositions 452-454, 460

high-speed, heat-treatment of 508-511

tool steels 458, 460

Tungsten-carbide tools

grinding 937-939

single-point 738, 859-864

Turner's sclerometer 521, 524

Turning

cutting speeds for

copper alloys 1006

ferrous cast metals 1002-1003

hard-to-machine materials 1008-1009

light metals 1007-1008

plain carbon and alloy steels 996-999

stainless steels 1001

superalloys 1008-1009

titanium and titanium alloys 1007

tool steels 1000

cutting time for 1044

cycles, NC 1262

grinding tools for 726-731

speeds and feeds 995-1009, 1095

wood 378

Turning, cutting speeds for copper alloys 1006

Twist drill 831-858

equivalent of gage or letter size 829-833, 2499-2500

grinding (sharpening) 934-936

tolerances, metric 853

types 827

T-word, NC 1251-1253

U
U.S.

Board of Supervising Inspectors 268

Dept. of Commerce, formula for pressure in tubes 272-273

gallons into liters 2545

standard screw threads 1706

Standard sheet metal gage 2502

standard sheet metal gage 2501-2502

UK gallons to liters 2544

Ultimate strength

common materials 478

compressive 196

iron and steel 476

nonferrous alloys 477

plastics 583

shear 197

Ultrasonic fluxless soldering 1352-1355

Uncoated metals and alloys, preferred thicknesses, metric 2501

Undercut, in spur gearing 2019-2028

Unified 1785

bolts, screws, and nuts 1492

miniature screw thread, standard 1781-1785

numbering system (UNS) for metals and alloys 403

copper alloys 525

plain carbon, alloy and tool steel 403, 405, 409, 411-412

stainless steel 409, 413

screw thread standard

ANSI 1706-1710, 1712-1754

British UNJ 1825-1826

Uniform motion 151

Unit

conversions 2520-2524

horsepower for machining 870, 1046-1047, 1051

systems 2520-2524

Unit systems 2520-2524

116

cgs 114

MKS 114

Universal joints 2327

UNS

no. 406-408

series of different metal 404

Upsetting, steel for cold 420

V
Van Keuren gear measuring tables 2094-2106

Variable speed belts 2401-2407

Varnish, pattern 1339-1340

V-belts

arc of contact 2379-2407

belt lengths and center distances 2379

classical 2379-2386

cross-sections 2397, 2413

degree 2407

double 2386-2394

horsepower ratings 2372, 2407

light duty 2390-2397

narrow 2373-2379

SAE Standard V-belts 2420

service factors 2418-2419

sheave dimensions 2373-2377, 2381-2382, 2398-2416

sheaves 2372-2420

storage and handling 2417-2418

synchronous 2407-2417, 2419

variable speed 2401-2407

V-ribbed 2397-2401

Vector and scalar quantities 118

Velocity 113, 151, 154

angular 151-153, 187

rpm to radian per second conversion 187

constant 151

converting to rpm 985-990

linear 151-152

of points on rotating bodies 187

Vernier scale

dual metric-inch 670-671

reading 669

reading a metric 670

reading on a protractor 669

Versed sine and versed cosine 97

V-flange tool shanks and retention knobs 1284-1286

Vickers hardness 520-521

Viscosity 2201-2203, 2311-2313

conversion table for lubricating oils 2201-2202

Viscosity-pressure relationship 2324

Viscosity-temperature chart for SAE oils 2202-2203

Vitrified bonded wheels 937-938, 1140

coolants for 1108-1109

thread grinding 1923

Volume

air at different temperatures 393

barrel 71

cone 68

frustum of 68

cube 66

cylinder

hollow 68

portion of 67-68

ellipsoid 69

geometrical figures 66-71

nozzles 390

of flow in pipes and tubes 388-389, 392, 2509

of solids 66-71

paraboloid 70

paraboloidal segment 71

prism 66

prismoidal formula 56

pyramid 66

frustum of 67

ratio of 71

solid of revolution 56

sphere 69

hollow 70

spherical

sector 69

segment 69

wedge 70

zone 70

square prism 66

torus 71

water at different temperature 387

wedge 67

Volumes

of fuel 372

V-process, casting 1336-1338

V-projections, fine-blanking tools 1314

V-ribbed belts 2397-2401

V-shaped groove, checking by pins 690

V-thread 1706

Vulcanized fiber, strength 478

W
Wahl spring curvature correction factor 295

Warding files 1431-1432

Washburn & Moen wire gage 2499-2500

Washers

ANSI, plain 1512-1517, 1547, 1549

Belleville 326

British Standard metric 1565-1566

metric spring 1563-1565

metric 1547, 1549

preferred sizes 1512-1513

spring lock type 1516

tooth lock type 1515-1519

Washers

spring lock type 1519

Watch screw threads 1781-1785

Water

boiling point 386

composition 386

flow in pipes 388-391, 2509

flow through nozzles 390

horsepower, equivalent to given head 389

inches of, and equivalent pressure 388

pressure 386

pressure, head or depth known 386

pressures, methods of measuring 388

velocity due to head 391

volume at different temperatures 388

volume of flow in pipes and tubes 392, 2509

weight at different temperatures 389

Watt equivalent 2551

Waviness 697

height values 702

Wear and wear resistance cutting tool 933-934

Wedge 130

center of gravity 140

mechanical principle of 130

volume 67

Weight 116

air 393-394

at different pressures 394

at different temperatures 394

per cubic foot 393-394

angles, structural steel 2495-2497

avoirdupois or commercial 2518

castings, from pattern weight 1340

channels, structural 2494, 2498

charcoal, coal and coke 371

fuels 371

hollow shafts 283-284

I-beams 2489-2493

metals 368-370

metric 2523, 2546

nails and spikes 1455

of natural piles 373

per feet of wood 372

pipe, per foot 2505-2508

specific gravity known 370

steel S-sections 2493

troy, for gold and silver 2518

water 386, 388

wide flange, steel 2489-2492

wood 371-372, 376-377

Weights and measures 2517-2519

Welding 1362-1409, 1418-1421

aluminum 1365, 1385-1390

ANSI welding symbols 1393-1409

application of 1397-1401

nondestructive testing 1408-1409

application of symbols 1397-1401

arc cutting of metals 1428-1429

codes, rules, regulations, specifications 1394-1395

complete fusion 1405

cutting metals, with electric arc 1428-1429

with oxidizing flame 1428

cutting with lasers 1414-1419

definitions and symbols 1393-1401

designations 1396

dies 1408

electrodes 1363, 1367, 1385-1387

electron beam 1392

FCAW (flux-cored arc) 1371-1378

contact tip recess 1373-1374

deposition rates 1376-1378

electrodes 1371-1373

porosity and worm tracks 1374

settings 1374-1376

shielding gases 1378

fill and cover pass procedures for 5G welds 1406-1407

fill passes 1403

GMAW (gas metal arc) 1363-1371

electrode diameters 1363

shielding gases 1364-1366

spray transfer 1367-1371

welding sheet steel 1364

GTAW (gas tungsten arc) 1382-1387

filler metals 1387

selecting tungsten electrode 1385-1387

shielding gases 1387

welding current 1392-1394

hard-facing 1423-1427

horizontal pipe welding 1403

laser

cutting 1414-1418

welding 1418-1421

letter designations for processes 1396

materials used in welding 1393

nondestructive testing 1408-1409

PAW (plasma arc) 1387-1391

applications 1389-1390

cutting 1391

gases for 1388-1389

of aluminum 1389-1390

surface coating 1390-1391

pipe 1402

positioning of joint components in pipe welding 1402

process letter designation 1396

root passes 1403

root welding procedure for 5G welds 1407

root welding procedures for fcaw 5G pipe welds 1406

SMAW (shielded metal arc) 1378-1382

characteristic of electrodes 1379-1382

specifications 1394-1395

symbols 1394

tack welding procedures for FCAW 5G pipe welds 1406

thick-walled carbon-steel pipes 1405-1406

thin-wall pipe 1404

thin-walled carbon-steel pipes 1407

use of flux-cored electrodes 1404

vertical-down welding 1403

vertical-up welding 1403

wire extension 1406

Welding and hard-facing 1423-1427

Welding factor 2045

Weldon shanks, dimensions of 779-789

Wheels

abrasive cutting 1204

buffing 1440

diamond 937-939, 1163-1169

dressing 1158-1161

grinding 1139-1174

mechanical principles of 134

polishing 1439

polishing, speed of 1440

silicon carbide 937-938

Wheels and pulleys in mechanics 134-135

White cast iron 1330

White metal bearing alloys 2237-2238

Whitworth

standard bolts, screws, nuts, washers, and studs 1551-1554, 1595-1598, 1619

wire size for measuring threads 1861-1862

Whole depth 2001

Wide-flange shapes, steel 2489-2492

moment of inertia 2489-2492

radius of gyration 2489-2492

section modulus 2489-2492

weight per foot 2489-2492

Winding drums, wire rope and chain 342-343, 360

Windlass 134

Wing nuts, standard 1693-1696

Wing screws 1693-1701

Wire

brass, phosphor bronze, strength of 477

checking gear sizes 2094-2108, 2111-2112

backlash allowances 2103

diameters 2094, 2103

helical gears 2103-2109

checking screw threads 1860-1877

Acme threads 1866-1874

buttress threads 1875-1877

contact pressure 1862-1863

formulas for large lead angles 1863-1874

limits for diameters 1861-1863, 1870

specifications 1862-1863

taper screws 1872, 1875

circular mill measurement 2517

copper, strength of 477

diameters, squares, cubes, fourth powers of 330

EDM 1318, 1328-1329

music 330, 385, 2499-2500

plow steel, strength of 336-341

preferred thicknesses 2501

rod gages 2499

rope 333-350

sheet metal gages 2499-2503

spring, tensile strength of 385

tensile strength 385

tubing, wall thickness gages 2499

wire gages 2499-2500

Wire nails and spikes, standard 1455

Wire rope 333-350

bending stresses 344

breaking strengths 334

classes 335-338

construction 333

cutting and seizing 344

definitions of terms 333-334

drum or reel capacity 342-343

drum score for winding 360

factors of safety 339-340

installation 340-346

life 344-345

lubrication 345

maintenance 344-345

properties 334-335

rated capacities of 349-350

replacement 345

rope loads due to bending 344

safe loads for 339-340

sheave and drum dimensions 342

simplified practice recommendations 338

sizes 336-341

slings and fittings 345-350

specification 334

strength 336-341

weight 336-341

Wood

bearings 2242, 2245

bonding 2460-2463

compression perpendicular to grain 375

crushing strength 375

density 376

dimensions of sawn lumber 378

hardmetal tooling for 757

ignition temperatures 367

machinability 377-378

maximum crushing strength 375

mechanical properties of 375-376

effect of pressure treatment 376

mechanical property 375

modulus of rupture 375

patterns 1339-1340

screws 1456

shear strength parallel to grain 376

tensile strength perpendicular to grain 376

tooling for wood and nonmetals 757

weight of 371

Wood screws, pilot hole for 1456

Woodruff keys 2365

Woodruff keyseat cutters 795

Word address format, NC 1243-1245

Word, NC 1243-1245

Work 113, 158-159

formulas 158-159

general formulas 162

relation to energy 158-159

Work and Energy 158

Work hardening factor 2044-2045

work to maximum load in bending

wood 375

Working depth 2001

Working strength of bolts 1489-1491, 1559-1561

stresses 200

for springs 291-297

Working stress

shafts, maximum allowable 282

Worm gear

effect of cutting diameter on profile and pressure angle 2066

effect of production method on profile and pressure angle 2066

Worm gearing 2064-2066

addendum 2065

ANSI Standard, fine-pitch 2064-2066

center distance 2065

effect of cutting method on profile 2066

fine-pitch 2064-2066

formulas for dimensions 2065

hobs for 2064

lead angles 2064-2065

material for 2067

materials for 2066

multithread 2066

multi-thread worms 2067

number of threads or "starts" 2067

outside diameter 2065

pitch diameter range 2066

pitches 2064

pitches, standard 2064

pressure angle 2066

pressure angles 2064

proportions 2065

ratios 2066

single-thread 2066

single-thread worms 2067

tooth form 2066

tooth form of worm and wormgear 2066

Worm gearing, hobs 2064

Wrapped spring clutches 2332-2333

Wrench clearances

for box wrenches 1510

for open end wrenches 1511

for socket wrenches 1511

for spacing of bolts 1510-1511

Wrench openings, ANSI Standard 1510

Wrought

copper 566

iron

strength 476

temperature effect on 478

thickness gage for sheet 2502

steel pipe 2504-2505

Wurtzite 755-757

Y
Yield

strength

perforated metal 235

Yield point 196

for various materials 196

heat-treated steels 432-436

iron and steel 473, 475-476

nonferrous metals 477

plastics 583

Yield strength 196, 376, 379, 385

aluminum alloys 550-555

compressive 196

copper alloys 526-542

copper-beryllium alloys 566

copper-silicon alloys 565

Investment casting alloy 381

magnesium alloys 560

nickel alloys 562-563

perforated metal 235

plastics 573-574

shear 197

stainless steel 439

steel 430-436, 441

titanium alloys 564

Young's modulus 196

spring materials 326-329

Z
Zero suppression, NC 1245

Zero, absolute 2514

Zerol bevel gears 1998, 2050-2051

Zinc

plating 1451

specific gravity 370

Zinc-base alloys, die casting 1342

Zone factor 2044-2045